The Micro and Macro Factors That Would Affect Airasia’s Performance

INSTRUCTIONS ON â€Å"HOW TO REFERENCE† Bibliography: Citations must be consistent in author name(s) (spelling and name order) and publication date between the text and the bibliography at the end. Any reference in the text must be matched by a full entry in the end bibliography. Entries in the bibliography must be matched by entries in the text; if nor they should be deleted. Citations must include all information necessary to enable the reader to locate the referenced publication. The examples in the format section below reflect the information considered adequate for each type of publication.Citations should be in alphabetical order by the first author's last name (if there is a name); by the first word of the publication or authoring organization if there is no author name. Citations in text: ‘Author's last name (20**) found that†¦ ‘ ‘Recent studies (Last name 20**; last name, last name, and last name 20**; last name 20**)†¦ Note the following: a semi-colon separates entries, there is no comma before the date, there is a comma before the ‘and' in multiple author listings. Citations in references: Books: Ward, John W. (1987). Keeping the Family Business Healthy. San Francisco, Calif. Jossey Bass. Note the following: Author names and publication date are formatted like journal entries. Books are italicized and followed by a period. Publication information includes the publisher's location with city and state followed by a colon and then the publisher's full name. Journal Articles: Hoy, Frank, and Trudy G. Verser (1994). ‘Emerging Business, Emerging Field: Entrepreneurship and the Family Firm,' Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 19 (1), 9-23. Note the following: Initials or first names follow the first author's name, but precede the last name for subsequent authors.There is a comma before the ‘and' between author names, even if there are only 2 authors/ There is a period after the date. Article titles use initial caps (excluding conjunctions and prepositions) and are blocked by double quotation marks. There is a comma between article title and journal title; the comma is inside the quotes. Journal titles are italicized. The column number is not italicized. Neither ‘Vol. ‘ or No. ‘ are used. Thus, Vol. 19, No. 1 = 19 (1). There is no ‘pp. ‘ before the page numbers. Articles in edited publications: Kaslow, Florence W. and S. Kaslow (1992). ‘The Family that Works Together: Special Problems of Family Businesses,' in Work, Families, and Organizations. Ed. S. Zedeck. San Francisco, Calif. : Jossey Bass, 312-361. Note the following: Author names, publication dates and article title are formatted like journal articles. Use ‘In' before book title; title is italicized. Precede editor's name with ‘Ed. ‘ (which means ‘edited by'; thus ‘Eds. ‘ is inappropriate). Put initials before last names. Put a period between the editor s' names and the publisher information.Include and format publisher information like a book. Include the page numbers (no ‘pp. ‘) n the book where the article is located. Papers presented at conferences or other meetings: Pleck, John (1979). ‘Work-Family Conflict: A National Assessment,' paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for the Study of Social Problems, Boston, Mass. , May. Note the following: Author names, publication dates and article title are formatted like journal articles. Include type of meeting, sponsoring organization, location, and date of meeting.If there are printed proceedings for the conference, cite the entry as an article in an edited publication. Theses and Dissertations: Simic, James (1993). ‘A Comparison of SMEs in Greenland and the Fiji Islands,' Ph. D. dissertation, University of Fjord, 23-26. Note the following: Author names, publication dates and article title are formatted like journal articles. Type of work (Master 's thesis or Ph. D. dissertation) should be indicated, as well as academic institution. Website documentation: West Virginia Bureau of Business and Economic Research (2001). ‘Economic Outlook Conference. ‘

Characteristics of a Person

Characteristics of Personhood Rationality The ability to reason is seen as being one of the defining characteristics of personhood. Rationality can be summarised in our ability to make considered choices and decisions at a higher intellectual level. Rationality is illustrated in our ability to justify our thoughts and actions through reason, scaled to emotional or practical variables. Aristotle considered that the thought-processes that precede our actions are pivotal to personhood.Such thought-processes generally involve evaluating the positive and negative consequences of our actions, and deciding whether the ‘reward’ is worth the ‘cost’. This ability to predict consequences of our actions isn’t shared by the lower animals, and is pivotal in making the distinction between a person and a non-person. We have the ability to justify our beliefs and actions and to enter into reasoned dialogue with others. Rationality also leads to the ability to evaluate experience and draw logical, considered conclusions which will influence our actions in the future.The lesser animals lack this capability, a view which is illustrated in the following example: the squirrel stores food for the winter in order to survive, however the squirrel does not store food because it knows that food will be scarce in the winter; the squirrel stores food because of impulses governed by animalistic instinct, and nothing besides. The squirrel could not consider the possibility of an abundance of food in the winter, and decide that it did not wish to store food for the winter, and is confined to the demonstration of instinct.To further illustrate this point we could say that dogs have desires but they do not have choices. For example, when a piece of meat is left unattended, a dog would see it and eat it straight away because it desires the meat and has no regard as to whom it belongs or whether eating the meat would be of benefit to it. In this sense, animals suc h as dogs act on the basis of their desires. On the other hand, we as humans would firstly deliberate between the pros and cons of what to do with this piece of meat, taking into account the various factors and potential consequences of eating it.Humans will not simply act on the basis of their desires but will make a decision and then perform an action according to the decision that we make through our rationality. Possessing a network of beliefs Possessing a network of beliefs is a characteristic that predominately distinguishes humans as persons, as opposed to animals. A network of beliefs can be formed on the basis of reasons in accordance with our rational nature as persons are able to reflect upon the relative strengths and weaknesses of the evidence of these beliefs, basing our belief system on what others tell us and on our own experiences.It is believed that in comparison to most animals, humans have a much more complex network of beliefs. For example, a dog may avoid eatin g chocolate because of a bad experience devouring a whole box – but it is doubtful that the dog is able consciously to hold the belief that â€Å"chocolate makes me sick†. A human, however, has the ability to make a rational decision from past experiences and act upon this belief.For example, if a person eats chocolate and is allergic to it and is thus made ill by it, through a network of wider beliefs such as â€Å"allergies causing illness†, â€Å"the feeling of being ill being horrible†, etc a person can deduce that â€Å"chocolate makes me sick and therefore I won’t eat it again†. Unlike animals we can have beliefs about the past and future and refer to these beliefs as the past and future; an animal may remember something as a belief from the past such as the chocolate but can only see how it will affect the present.We can also have beliefs about beliefs; humans have the ability to hold beliefs about possibilities and things that may ha ppen in the future, whereas animals can only have beliefs about the actual and fact. Language User Language users are beings who can communicate with others through a range of mediums. This means that they are able to talk about ideas in the abstract. Furthermore, language is necessary for the possession of genuine ideas and concepts about the world. Language allows people to understand their desires; without language, beings would be unable to communicate and request their desires.For example, a cow can feel hungry and desire grass but it doesn’t know that it desires grass and feels hungry because it does not have those concepts. These concepts are human linguistic concepts. A creature’s mental horizon is broadened by the ability to represent the world by signs. Language gives the user the ability to express thoughts about an infinite number of things. Furthermore language allows the intelligent construction of arguments; it allows the user to criticize and justify. M oreover, language permits a new king of socializing, based upon discussions.It allows interaction and develops personalities. Language broadens people’s knowledge and their emotions. All of these examples mean that one is a person if one can use language. This is because language allows you to formulate your thoughts and having thoughts and self-awareness means you have the capacity to understand the thoughts of others. This means you are a person. Self Awareness Self awareness is the ability to experience and do things whilst understanding what it is that’s going on and having an awareness of the fact that it is ‘I’ that is having the experiences.Descartes defines self awareness as having a conscious mind. He believed that using speech and reason were good examples of the mind working. He uses this theory to eliminate animals from what he classes as a person, and in turn describes them as ‘nothing more than a complex machine. ’ However, altho ugh we are unable to know whether an animal is self-conscious or not, they are clearly conscious in the sense that they are aware of their surroundings and at times can be unconscious. However, consciousness is not the same as self-consciousness.Another way in which self awareness can be described is by a person’s ability to talk about themselves using words such as ‘I’ or ‘mine’. It is the ability to describe ones mental state to others and to understand them from the first-person point of view. Looking back upon your memories is another example and knowing that it is ones self that has experienced these memories. A good example to illustrate self-awareness is the ‘mark test’. This is where a mark is placed on the head of a participant who is then placed in front of a mirror.If the participant tries to wipe the mark off their reflection in the mirror, then it is argued that they do not recognise the reflection in the mirror as them and therefore lack self-awareness. If, however, they wipe the mark off their foreheads, then clearly they understand that the reflection in the mirror is them and they therefore have a sense of self. Infant humans beyond the age of 24 months, as well as some animals such as apes, dolphins and elephants, can successfully complete the test whereas other animals are not.This shows that self-awareness is not a characteristic that can be associated with all animals and as such may be a way of distinguishing between animals and persons. Social Being One characteristic that is thought to be essential for personhood is that of being a social being. Humans, unlike other animals, have a â€Å"prior awareness† of the existence of other human beings. We identify ourselves in the context of our relationships with other human beings and through our various roles in society. Arguably, we can only recognise ourselves as a person if we have prior awareness of the existence of other such persons.T hroughout life, humans form complex social relationships with others which they often maintain and develop. Human beings have a more developed society than animals such as dogs and horses due to the fact that humans have plans, intentions and schemes. They are individuals but this individuality stems from society. This inherent social nature is dependant upon our ability to communicate, allowing us to establish social roles and connect with others. Through this we see our own identity, as belonging to groups: work, culture, nationality and so on. Arguably, our â€Å"persona† might be largely formed because of these networks.To have a good life, we must interact with others in order to be able to reflect upon our own selves. In this sense, persons depend on society for not only specific ambitions and goals but also for language, beliefs and to compare themselves to other individuals. It is through this that we can discover the best way to live and therefore hopefully live a go od life. We cannot achieve a good life in isolation as we cannot share our thoughts and feelings with other people. Human beings are social animals and it can be argued that being a person necessarily involves having complex relationships with others.Penguins huddle together for warmth, instinctively, not for any reason more complex than this. They don’t have meetings, parties or â€Å"heart to hearts†, and wouldn’t later reflect upon this, or develop because of it. Creativity, autonomy and individuality Autonomy is the ability to reason about whether to perform an action or not and suggests that persons are not controlled by our natural instincts, unlike animals. It appears that a person is not entirely influenced by basic instinct, and can refer to more complex thoughts and ideas in decision making.This is shown through the example that a dog does not reflect on whether to bark at the stranger in the street, or continue to go about its own business in the shad e, whereas a person will often reflect upon the reasons for and against acting upon their immediate desires. A person is able to rise above their basic animal drives and take a measure of control over their own lives. By enabling us to reflect on how to act, reason gives us some mastery over our passions, elevating us above the level of creatures of instinct.The capacity to reflect and reason gives us a measure of autonomy or self-control. Individuality allows each person to identify and emphasize the uniqueness of each of us and it is argued that an individual person is defined not so much by their shared human essence as by the particular characteristics of his or her own nature. Human beings in all societies give themselves proper names which uniquely identify them as individuals and some philosophers have argued that it is a natural tendency for all human beings to construct a unique personality.Also, animals appear to have no concept of creativity or imagination and only experi ence things for what they are. For example, an animal would not understand metaphor, because a metaphor is a representation of something else, and an animal cannot fathom this concept. Yet, people do have the ability to be creative and imaginative. Moral Sense Having a moral sense means that we are able to decide what we should and shouldn’t do, to identify what is good and bad, and to label actions moral or immoral. Kant says that a person uses their moral principles and this determines their actions.He also says that we, as moral persons, are able to recognise what our duties are and then we can further choose whether to act in accordance with these duties. Acting in accordance with our moral duties rather than our desires is what makes our actions truly free as we can transcend our desires in order to do what we see we ought to. For example, although we may not want to give ? 5 to famine relief, we realise that we ought to and recognising this duty can motivate us to act o n it. Morals tend to be related to humans, as animals don’t have the notion of orality. For example, in the case of a lion killing an antelope for food, we see this as an act of survival; therefore we cannot blame the lion for being immoral. However if a human killed an antelope for sport it could spark a moral debate, as some people would agree with it and some people would think it immoral. If we can’t attribute morals to animals, but we can attribute morals to humans, then there is a distinct difference between the two. This distinction illustrates that maybe we only attribute morals to persons.

Marketing Professional Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Marketing Professional Practice - Essay Example Moreover, Robinson notes that the ‘background information on volunteers is necessary in order to evaluate their appropriateness for a sports club’ (Robinson 2010, p.95). These issues have to be taken into consideration by HR managers in sports clubs when having to evaluate the suitability and the potentials of volunteers in regard to a particular role. In general, one of the issues that are of critical importance in regard to volunteer turnover is the budget involved. In the case under examination, even if volunteers are not compensated at the same level as ordinary employees, still the costs related to their daily involvement in the club’s activities are high, taking into consideration the club’s daily profits. Reference is made specifically to the funds required for the volunteer’s daily salary but also the funds necessary for the volunteers’ daily food and transportation from home to the club and vice versa. This cost is covered entirely by the club. Therefore, the first issue that needs to be taken into consideration when planning the exit of certain volunteers is the ability of the club to keep a particular number of volunteers. According to its current performance, the club is able to keep just the 60% of its volunteers. The interview planned for evaluating the current value of volunteers, in regard to their contribution in the club’s daily performance, should address the following issues: a) the age and demographics of volunteers; only volunteers that are required for the development of the club’s critical operations should remain in the organization; for example, younger volunteers would be more necessary compared to older volunteers, especially if the tasks involved are quite demanding in terms of physical capabilities; b) the experience of volunteers in similar tasks is important for deciding the continuation of their cooperation with the organization; for example, volunteers that have worked in s ports club should be preferred by other volunteers that do not have such experience; c) the potential acceptance of a lower salary would be also an issue that should be addressed in the interviews; volunteers that could accept a reduction of salary, even low, i.e. about 10%, would be preferred, since in this way the organization’s daily costs would be significantly decreased; of course, the other issues, addressed through the interview, should be also taken into consideration for deciding the firing of a volunteer; d) the last issue that should be necessarily addressed in the interviews would be the time constraints of volunteers, meaning especially the social life and the other activities of each volunteer; for example, volunteers that do not have a second job would be preferred compared to volunteers that have to plan their time daily for responding to the needs of two jobs. 2. Given the financial difficulty faced by many non-profit organizations today discuss the opportuni ty of using social media. How can non-profit organisations use Facebook and other social media? Social media can be used for improving the communication between organizations and their customers. In non-profit organizations, the social media can play a similar role, helping to increase trust between the organizations

Sociocultural Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sociocultural Theory - Essay Example 101). The debate about the definition of term 'collaborative' as well as ongoing attempts to identify relevant criteria to determine whether learning is collaborative or not does not seem to have any major implications for the basics of collaborative learning. Almost every research study exploring collaborative learning environment comes to positive conclusions (Johnson, Johnson, and Stanne, 1986; Natasi and Clements, 1991). Natasi and Clements (1991) summarize these conclusions in the following way: "Cognitive-academic and social-emotional benefits have been reported for students from early elementary through college level, from diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds, and having a wide range of ability levels Furthermore, cooperative learning has been used effectively across a wide range of content areas, including mathematics, reading, language arts, social studies and science" (p. 111). Initially, research in the realm of collaborative learning focused on functioning of an individual learner in a group: the theories which dominated cognitive psychology over the 1970s tended to emphasise the role of individual information processors in the process of cognition. The social context of this process was viewed as secondary to individual activity (Dillenbourg et al, 1996: 189). The last decades of the 20th century were marked by increased attention to the social context, and, consequently, improved understanding of the process of cognition. Much of the shift was due to growing influence of sociocultural theory in pedagogical practice. This theory is very helpful in predicting, explaining and justifying the above listed cognitive, psychological and social benefits of engaging students in collaborative learning activities MAIN DISCUSSION The theoretical background underlying contemporary models of collaborative learning relies heavily upon three major theories of learning: socio-constructivist theory, socio-cultural theory, and shared cognition theory (Dillenbourg et al, 1996). These three perspectives share the basic features of cognitive stance, including the focus on the interactive aspect of human development and learning, but the socio-cultural theory has been recently gaining momentum as the most influential among the three in the realm of language education (Lantolf, 2000; Wells, 1999). L. S. Vygotsky formulated the basics of socio-cultural theory in the 1920s and 1930s, though current conceptualisations of this approach also draw on works and ideas of other theorists (Luria, 1979; Wertsch, 1991, 1998; Newman and Holzman, 1993; Cole, 1996). The essence of socio-cultural theory is exploring the causal relationship between the social interactions and cognitive

The international day in The united Arab Emirats Essay

The international day in The united Arab Emirats - Essay Example 145). There is youth day, women day and Jazz ceremony all being international events. Basing our discussion on the Jazz international day, it is worth noting that the ceremony held every year. It involves individuals from the different groups that are members of the United Arab Emirates; for example in 2013, there was a Jazz event at Dubai. This one of the largest member states of Emirates, and the ceremony theme was on uniting culture. Jazz Amalgam ceremony aimed at uniting people, discouraging members from civil war and promoting peace and harmony among the member states. During this event, People would understand one another and get to take each other as brother. The songs and dances would be educative and directed to peace making. They would help in assisting people understand the negative impacts of conflict and civil wars. The dancers would present performance of insecurity, loss of life resulting from conflict hence encouraging members to love one another and work towards protection for their own and reduction of terrorism. For example, in the 10th annual ceremony at Dubai, dignitaries from various nations such as France were invited the event, which is said to be symbolic. The federation leader was observed to sit at the central position leading the opening remarks. Scholars have observed that this was a sign of unity as the federation leader acted as a mediator who would help unite Arabs with western nations such as U.S.A. The France ambassador was present to learn more of Arab culture, and this would help reduce emerging conflict among the western and Arab states. Furthermore, in the 10th annual ceremony, UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador and Thelonious chairman were present to participate in intercultural dialogue. This was a special event as it marked the beginning of unity among the western British and the Arabs. It is said to

Unit 2 Discussion Board Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Unit 2 Discussion Board - Essay Example The dynamic pricing strategy of Air Deccan is to use price as a function of demand and supply, wherein the earlier the booking is done the lesser is the price (About Us). To enable this pricing model made use of Information Technology to the full extent by setting up an Internet-based Centralized reservation system that centralized customers reservations through distribution channels through the Internet, call centers or travel agents. This enabled fares to be controlled by a group of computers using linear programming for revenue management. From the time a flight is opened for booking pricing is tracked and changed based on demand. The system uses a fare buckets for a given flight and fares change by the date, day of week and time of day (Sampler, 2006). The price of an air ticket booked early on Air Deccan compares favorably with an upper class rail ticket and is a boon to the more than 300 million middle class segment of society in India, which has happily accepted this means to affordable air travel. This advantage that Air Deccan offered with its dynamic pricing policy has caused a dramatic growth in the use of Air Deccan, whereby within three years since its starting, it has flown more than 5.8 million passengers and garnered a market share of 21.2 percent to become the second largest carrier in the country, pushing the national carrier Indian to third position (Air Deccan overtakes Indian in market share). Air Deccan faces two disadvantages as a result of its dynamic pricing strategy. It is facing threats to its market share from the full-service carriers in the country as well as new low-cost carriers. The full-service are lowering their airfares in the face of threat from Air Deccan and the other low-cost airlines, while the new entrant low-cost airlines are expected to use price as an entry strategy. There is no more flexibility available in pricing strategy of

Benchmark progress towards sustainability Essay - 1

Benchmark progress towards sustainability - Essay Example It also implies involving as many individuals from the society as possible. For a corporate, a sustainable vision means monitoring the impact of its production, manufacturing and other operations on society and environment. Considering the future as well as molding the business strategy for greater good of the society can be regarded as an ideal sustainable stance (DeSimone & Popoff, 2000). With increasing globalization and urbanization, the environment is affected adversely and depletion of natural resources is beyond measures. Harmful carbon emissions, global warming and pollution are only few of the adversities. It is also known that if these environmental hazards are not taken care off now, then it will prove detrimental to our future generations, making their life more difficult compared to the present scenario. Sony is a multinational corporation headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. The company was founded in the year 1946 (Sony, 2014a). Sony deals with products such as, consumer electronics, video games, entertainment and media, semiconductors, telecom equipments and computer hardware. Apart from these, the company is also involved in financial services, credit finance, banking and insurance. The company even has an advertising agency under its umbrella. At present, the company is on the ninth position with Panasonic in the â€Å"Greenpeace Guide to Greener Electronics.† (Greenpeace, 2012). According to this guide, electronics companies are graded on the basis of their efforts towards preserving environment. Samsung is a multinational conglomerate headquartered in Seoul, South Korea. The company was founded in the year 1938 (Samsung, 2014a). After starting off as a trading firm, Samsung diversified into numerous areas such as, textiles, food processing, retail, securities and insurance. Late 1960s saw Samsung’s entry into electronics (Samsung, 2014b). Presently, the company is into