The Concept of Normality In Relation To Eating Disorders

Normality is a concept that can be understood in different perspectives. Sociologically speaking, normality can be differentiated from the norm which refers to the acceptable behaviors in a society. Normality refers to the adherence to the acceptable standards set by a society. Normality is closely guarded by the social constructions of a particular society in the sense that what is considered normal is determined by the forces of the society.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Concept of Normality In Relation To Eating Disorders specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This means that what is normal in one society may not be necessarily normal in another (Smolak, Levine Striegel-Moore, 1996). Therefore, issues of eating disorders can be understood from a social cultural perspective as the culture of a specific society determines its eating patterns, thus, influencing the possibility of either the existence or oth erwise of an eating disorders. This paper examines how the understanding of the concept of normality in the society affects conditions of the existence or otherwise of an eating disorder. The whole concept of eating disorders can be explained through the sociological understanding of the concept of normality. Among the dominant sociological understanding of normality that will be used to argue through the concept of eating disorders in this paper are the views such as; what is considered normal can be differentiated from the abnormal even if it may not be the norm, what is normal is a social construct that is imposed by the society, people struggle to fit to the ideals that are set by the society which may affect their eating patterns and lastly, how social change has contributed to the existence of eating disorders. Normality can be defined differently by different people since different things are normal in some communities and abnormal in others. However, different aspects of nor mal behavior can be used to indicate normality (Weiten 2010). However, this view is still directly regulated by the cultural belief of the society. The agents of socialization can be used to express the concept of normality in a number of ways. People grow in a structured society that determines what is normal against what is abnormal. The set standard influences the behavior of a person in all cultural facets as they determine what will be adopted against what will be transgressed. Eating patterns being a culturally controlled concept’s and directly affected by the cultures that exists in a specific society. According to Treasure, Schmidt and Furth, (2005), human beings evaluate their standards in the society based on specific societal standards. This means that a specific society has what it considers ideal as well as what it considers abnormal. These social standards run across a spectrum of measurements that affect all facets of culture. In such cases, there is what is co nsidered normal eating patterns. A good example of how societal ideals can influence the eating disorders can be the explanation of the importance that is placed on the concept of body size. According to Taylor and Muller, (1995), all members of the society should strive to ensure that they conform to the â€Å"normal† standards of their society.Advertising Looking for assessment on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Despite the fact that bodies have genetic differences that determines their shape and size, the need to strive to conform to the ideal body size forces many members of the society, especially women to adopt to specific eating habits that may characterize certain disorders (Sheridan, 2007). Another issue that is of paramount importance in understanding the concept of normality in regard to eating disorders is that normality or abnormality is a social construct (Morgan Bhugra, 2010). There are no universal standard to define what is normal or abnormal. Each culture has its own conceptualization of normality and abnormality, which makes something to be normal in one culture and abnormal in another. Similarly, the conceptualization of eating disorders varies from one society to the other as there are no strict universal disorders that run across the spectrum of societies. It is also evident that there are disorders that are associated with specific cultural basis due to the regionalization of specific food to specific regions (Wonderlich, Walsh and Mitchell, 2011). Normality as a social construct can be used to explain some eating disorders, especially those associated with teenagers. As noted by Hales, Yudofsky and Gabbard, (2008), teenage girls have a misconceived concept of ideal body shape and size where being extremely thin regardless of the means towards this course is seen as fashionable and ideal. The notion held by these teenage girls has forced most of them to del iberately avoid eating or to induce vomiting (Bloomfield, 2006). This behavior has led many teenage girls to adopt risky health paths in pursuit of what they conceive to be normal. Beside the identified issue that deals with teenage girls, the other group that is greatly affected by the societal constructs is that of the entire female gender where women may be classified as overweight while their male counterparts may pass without acquiring the label of being overweight, even when they are overweight in the real sense. Thus, more women will strive to conform to the society’s ideal size, a fact that has contributed to various forms of eating disorders. This shows that the concept of what is seen as normal or abnormal towards eating disorders does not necessarily need to be actually healthy, but a construct of the society (Harper-Giuffre and MacKenzie, 1992). Media as an agent of socialization has a lot of influence to the menace of eating disorders. As noted by Sheridan, (2007 ), the media plays a significant role in determining what the ideal body size is especially for women. These ideas that are transferred to the masses through commercials and other programs in the media influences the perception of people towards certain body sizes where contemporary cultures have viewed the slim bodies as the ideal ones.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Concept of Normality In Relation To Eating Disorders specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, when this issue is juxtaposed with the commercials of food known to have high fat content such as fast food products and ice creams, the perception of healthy eating among the members of a population get distorted which forces majority of the people to indulge in unhealthy eating habits as they are â€Å"normalized† by the media. Social change is another aspect that affects or understanding of normality. In most contemporary societies, co nsumption of fast food is considered normal today than it was considered five decades ago (Gentile, 2006). The changing social forces such as the rise of the consumerism culture have led to the rise of the number of people who consume fast foods as well as other readymade meals offered in fast food restaurant. Although many people may have the notion of how unhealthy the fast foods may be to their health, they continue consuming them as the consumption of these products is seen as â€Å"normal† in the society. This means that the society understands that eating fast food is a normal issue, a fact that contributes to the current eating disorders. In conclusion, it is evident that the sociological understanding of the concept of normality can be used to explain various eating disorders. The paper has managed to explain the views of eating disorders in three perspectives, which are the perception of what is normal versus what is abnormal, normality as a construct of the society and finally, personal understanding of normality and eating disorders and how this personal understanding affects people’s conceptualization of their conditions. Reference List Bloomfield, S. 2006. Eating Disorders: Helping Your Child Recover. Oklahoma. Beat Publishers. Gentile, K. 2006. Creating bodies: eating disorders as self-destructive survival New York: RoutledgeAdvertising Looking for assessment on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hales, R, E. Yudofsky S, C. Gabbard, G, O. 2008. The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of psychiatry. New York: American Psychiatric Publications Harper-Giuffre, H. MacKenzie, K., R. 1992. Group psychotherapy for eating disorders Carlifornia: American Psychiatric Pubbications Morgan, C. and Bhugra, D. 2010. Principles of Social Psychiatry. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Sheridan, K., E. 2007. Eating disorders as a case study of cultural maladaptation. California: American Psychiatric Publications. Shils M. and Shike, M. 2006. Modern nutrition in health and disease. Chicago: Lippincott Williams Wilkins Smolak, L., P., Levine, M. and Striegel-Moore, R. 1996. The developmental psychopathology of eating disorders: implications for research, prevention, and treatment. New York: Routledge, Taylor, J., and Muller, D., J.1995. Nursing adolescents: research and psychological perspectives. London. Wiley-Blackwell. Treasure, J., Schmidt, U. and Furth, E. 2005. The essential handbook o f eating disorders New York: John Wiley and Sons. Weiten, W. 2010. Psychology: Themes and Variations. Upper Saddle River: Cengage Learning. Wonderlich, S. A., Walsh, T. and Mitchell, J. E. 2011. Developing an Evidence-Based Classification of Eating Disorders: Scientific Findings for DSM-5. California: American Psychiatric Publications. This assessment on The Concept of Normality In Relation To Eating Disorders was written and submitted by user Derr1ck to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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Social networking sites in the work place

Social networking sites in the work place Benefits and problems of social networking sites in the work place â€Å"In the early 1990s, websites were used to share information with other people, though many people felt that this was not personal enough, since it lacked the sense of togetherness. This led to the development of social networking and social networking sites in the early 2000s. This concept was embraced and readily accepted by many people who felt the need for a more personalized way of communicating through the web†. (Sharpened.com, November 2009) Between 2007 and 2009, the craze about social networking and especially social networking sites has grown rapidly and is continuing to grow at a very rapid rate. Accodring to Owyang, social networking sites like Facebook has a high growth rate with more than 60million active users, an average of 250,000 new registrations every day since January 2007 and with an average 3% weekly growth rate since January 2007.(2008)Smith(2008) also states that the number of people using social networking sites has grown by 12% in the last six months from June 2008. The most popular social networking sites include the likes of Facebook and HI5, which according to Smith(2008), together have 59million users(see figure 1); they can also include internal social sites for people working in the same enterprise. Social networking sites are popular because anyone who has access to the internet can join any social networking site seeing as they are free and easy to join. This makes people spend most of their t ime on these social networking sites chatting with friends or just updating their information. This craze has also affected those in the workplace and they find themselves spending a lot of company time on these social sites (some of which are also internal social networking sites) and forget to work. The amount of time employees spend using social networking applications is a major reason why many enterprises do not like their employees using the social networking applications during office hours. I believe that social networking and social networking sites do have their advantages that can be of great benefit to an enterprise; but they can also cause problems for an enterprise. In this paper, I am going to discuss the benefits/advantages and problems/disadvantages of social networking and find out if it is worth having social networking and social networking sites in the work place. Keywords: social networking, social networking sites, social networking applications, Social networking can be broadly defined as a social structure made of people who may or may not have a common interest. WhatisSocialnetworking.com(2009) agrees with this definition by defining social networking as the grouping of individuals into specific groups,although social networking is possible in person, especially in the workplace, universities and high school, it is most popular online. I can define a social networking site as an internet site where people go to communicate and keep in touch with their friends and family. But according to Boyd and Ellison(2007), the terms social networking and social network should not be used interchangeably seeing as they do not mean the same. They(Boyd and Ellison,2007) decided to use the term â€Å"social network† which they define as, â€Å"[a] web-based service that allows individuals to (1) construct a public or semi-public profile within a bound system, (2) articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and (3) view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system. Social networking has many benefits to both individuals and enterprises. However many enterprises today are still sceptical about whether or not to permit their employees access to social networking sites and their applications; and if they do grant access, they worry about the implications of allowing them to access these sites and applications, in terms of time spent on these social networking sites and using the applications. However, such enterprises should understand that there are benefits to using social networking sites and applications in the workplace that not only benefit the employees but also the enterprise as a whole. Some of the benefits have been discussed below. Benefits of social networking in the workplace There are various benefits of social networking in the workplace and these include: firstly, social networking and social networking sites can be used to enhance the enterprises image. If an enterprise has access to social networks, this can improve its image. According to Kelleher(2009), building [a] strong social network can help a business to improve its reputationand that social networks can boost the image of an enterprise as thought leaders in the field and customers start to acknowledge the enterprise as reliable and excellent source of information/products that meet their[customers] requirements. Also a social network can help an enterprise expand its market research. Social networking sites can be used by an enterprise to increase its customer base. This is true because an enterprise can advertise its products/services to the users of these sites; the enterprise can also use these social networking sites to get new users for its products/services seeing as through the social sites, the enterprise can do a survey of those people who know/use their product/service and then target those who do not know about their Kelleher(2009) agrees with this for he says that using a social networking site like facebook can help a small business target a large audience without having to do much advertising. In addition, social networking sites can be used as a low-cost marketing tool. An enterprise can use social networking sites to advertise itself and its products and services. This is because in most social networking sites, advertising of products/services is done for free and hence the enterprise saves the expenses it would have used on advertising. By having an internal social network an enterprise can keep records of the employees more easily. According to DiMicco et al(2008), a social network can be a new source of information for the enterprise, and new possibilities for understanding the workforce. This can enable the managers at the enterprise to better understand its workforce. Furthermore, social networking sites can help an enterprise to increase its customer base. An enterprise can mine its employees friends on social networking sites and target them as new customers for its products/services. Laudon and Laudon(2007) agree by saying that social networking can be used to expand the number of an enterprises business and social networks/contacts and also to link people through mutual business thereby enabling them to mine their friends for sales leads.This is an effective way for an enterprise to increase its customer base because it may be easier to convince people who have a mutual relationship with your employees to use your product/service than it is to convince people who have no relationship with the enterprise at all. Lastly, social networking can enable the enterprise to reach its target market/customers. an enterprise can use social networking sites to find out who their target customers are. According to Ladoun and Laudon(2007), an enterprise can do this seeing as users of social networking sites reveal a lot of information about themselves when signing up and using these sites and this information can be used to create advertisements that will appeal to their desired target customers/audience. An enterprise can further use social networking sites to have a closer relationship with its customers. An enterprise can form its own group in a social network where all its present and potential customers can join and gain access to the offers and deals that the enterprise has to offer for members of its group only. Kelleher (2009) agrees with this in that he says that social networks provide an opportunity for businesses to reach out and target groups of customers; he also agrees that businesses can encourage customers to join their network of friends in the social networking site in order to access special discounts given only to those customers who are online contacts to the business. Problems of social networking in the workplace The major problem most enterprises have with allowing their employees access to social networking sites is employees spending too much time on the social networking sites thus affecting their(the employees) productivity. Keller (2009) agrees with this as he also says that organizations do not like having social networking in the workplace since most employees spend most of their time on these sites updating their profiles instead of doing their work. Laudon and Laudon(2007) also share the same view as they say, â€Å"members of social networking sites spend hours surfing pages, checking out other members and exchanging messages† To support his argument, Keller uses the example that if every employee in an enterprise comprising of 50 employees spent 30 minutes a day on a social networking site per day, the enterprise would lose 6,500hours of productivity in a year! This is a great amount of time that could have been used to do company work and be productive. Social networking can also lead to tension in the workplace. This is in terms of the relationships in the office. This is because some employees will feel that their colleagues are spending too much time on social networking sites while they are working to cover the workload for those who are on the social networking sites. This causes tension especially if those employees who spend a lot of time on the social networking sites are known by the other Another problem can be that of wastage of companys resources. This is in terms of bandwidth. Most of the social networking site have some content that takes up a lot of bandwidth and if employees access these contents, they use up all the bandwidth making it impossible for other internet users to access the internet. This can also make the enterprise incur more costs because it will have to use more money to create more bandwidth that an support both the social networks content and those of the enterprise(Kelleher, 2009). The third problem of social networking in the workplace, according to Kelleher (2009), is the threat of viruses and malware: â€Å"Hackers are attracted to social networking sites because they see the potential to commit fraud and launch spam and malware attacks. There are more than 50,000 applications available for FacebookSome have the potential to be used to infect computers with malicious code, which in turn can be used to collect data from that users site. Messaging on social networking sites is also a concern, and the Koobface worm is just one example of how messages are used to spread malicious code and worms.† A further problem may be that of social engineering. Social engineering has been defined by*** as Reputation and legal liability Employees may post information that may damage the companys image To prohibit or not to prohibit There is no one solution to the problem of employees abusing their access to social networking sites. Some enterprises have tried using technology and internal controls to control the amount of time employees spend on these sites and the content that they can access. Though this seems to fail seeing as employees are devious people and will always get other ways of accessing these social networking sites wither by bypassing the security measures put by the enterprise or by accessing the sites from elsewhere. This causes a dilemma for the management of enterprises because they know that the world is moving towards social networking as the new mode of communication with customers and the outside world and they also know the benefits their business will accrue due to the use of social networking sites; and they also know the implications they have when they (managers) allow employees free access to these sites. So what options does the enterprise have in its reach? According to Kelleher (2009), an enterprise has three options it can use when dealing with the issue of social networking in the workplace. That is: ban access to social networking sites, set limits and restrictions to use, and allow unmonitored access. i) The first option an enterprise has is total ban on access of social networking sites. This simply means that the enterprise does not allow employees to access any social networking sites from the workplace computers. This option is mainly used by organizations that want to keep the status quo. However most enterprises do not seem to opt for this option because they see it as a sign of no trust in the employees causing them to rebel against the enterprise and be less productive. ii) The next option is setting limits and restrictions for use. This simple means allowing employees access to some of the applications available on the social networking sites. Some enterprises may even go to the extent of only allowing certain employees access to the social networking sites for a limited amount of time. This strategy may not be total useful for an enterprise in that if some employees are granted access to the social networking sites while others are not, it may bring about hatred and jealousy in the workplace making the work environment tense and unfriendly. iii) Allowing unmonitored access. This is when the enterprise allows its employees to access social networking sites at any time and for whatever duration of time. This is the worst strategy of the three in that the employees will now be even more unproductive seeing that they have access to these sites without anybody monitoring what they are doing. This can also turn to be detrimental to the enterprise in that it has no control over the content the employees are posting and passing through the sites since the enterprise does not monitor what the employees are sending. Of the three options, the best would be to setting limits and restrictions for use. However, whichever option an enterprise chooses to use, it must ensure that the enterprises vital and critical information is protected from viruses and malware and from hackers. This can be achieved by having updates anti-viruses, a firewall to monitor and restrict access to certain internet applications, and social networking sites.(Kelleher, 2009) Conclusion Social networking is a concept that is quickly gaining acceptance from everyone in all walks of life from students to CEOs and senior managers of big enterprises. They see social networking as a quick, cheap and effective way to keep in touch and communicate with their friends and family; and customers and employees, in the case of CEOs and senior managers. Social networking sites are both beneficial and risky to an enterprise. The major thing that perturbs most enterprises of today about allowing employees access to social networking sites is that they have no control over the information being passed by the employees. Most social networking sites ask for so much information when one is joining and at times, this information can be used against the individual and may eventually be used against the enterprise. Kelleher(2009) suggests some tips for an enterprise should follow when allowing access to social networking sites; these are:- i) Restrict access. An enterprise can achieve this by controlling the amount of time employees spend on the social sites. One enterprise may allow employees to access these sites during their breaks or before/after office hours. While another may allow its employees to access only certain social sites and only certain applications in those sites that do not take up the enterprises bandwidth. ii) Educate and train employees. Employees should be educated on the implications their activities on the social sites may have on the enterprise because most employees do not know that their actions on social sites can have a great impact on the enterprise. Employees should also be trained on how to recognise suspicious links that may be connected to viruses and malware that could damage the machines and the enterprise network, and that they should not just click nay link they find on social sites. They should also be made conscious of the information they give on these sites and how this information can be used against them and the enterprise. iii) Set security and usage policies. June 2008 December 2008 Total unique total unique visitors(000) visitors(0000 1H08 growth Total internet: total audience 860,511 815,797 5.5% 44.716 Social Networking: Total audience 580,510 516,318 12.4% 64,102 Facebook 132,105 97,792 35.1% 34,313 Myspace 117,582 107,167 9.7% 10,415 hi5 56,367 31,428 79.4% 24,939 Friendstar 37,080 29,735 24.7% 7,345 Orkut 34,028 25,138 35.4% 8,891 Bebo 24,017 21,282 12.9% 2,736 Other 179,330 203,776 -12% -24,447 Sorce: comScore.Inc cited in Smith(2008) Geography: Worldwide References Social Networking, accessed from http://www.sharpened.net/glossary/definition.php?socialnetworking, accessed on 4th November 2009 What is social networking?, accessed from http://www.whatissocialnetworking.com/ accessed on 23rd November 2009 Boyd D. M., and Ellison N.B., Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship, Michigan State University, (2007), accessed from http://consommacteurs.blogs.com/files/socialnetworksites_boyd-ellision_2007.pdf , accessed on 23rd November 2009 DiMicco J., Millen D. R., Geyer W., Dugan C., Brownholtz B. and Muller M., Motivations for Social Networking at work, CSCW, (2008), accessed from http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/1470000/1460674/p711-dimicco.pdf?key1=1460674key2=0634998521coll=GUIDEdl=GUIDECFID=64533696CFTOKEN=15961752 , accessed on 23rd November 2009 Kelleher D., 5 Problems with social networking in the workplace, Information Management Special Reports, October 2009, accessed from http://www.information-management.com/specialreports/2009_165/social_networking_media-10016208-1.html , accessed on 7th November 2009 Laudon K.C. and Laudon J.P., Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm, 10th Edition, Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007. ISBN: 0-13-120681-8 Owyang J., Social Network Stats: Facebook, MySpace, Reunion (Jan, 2008), Weekly Digest of the Social Networking Space, (January 2008), accessed from http://www.web-strategist.com/blog/2008/01/09/social-network-stats-facebook-myspace-reunion-jan-2008/ ,accesed on 3rd December 2009 Sinrod E. J., Can social networking co-exist with the workplace?, December 2007, accessed from http://news.cnet.com/Can-social-networking-co-exist-with-the-workplace/2010-1030_3-6223458.html , accessed on 7th November 2009 Smith J., Intriguing trends in Social Networking Growth during 1H 2008, (July, 2008), accessed from http://www.insidefacebook.com/2008/07/27/intriguing-trends-in-social-networking-growth-during-1h-2008/ , accessed on 3rd December 2009

Shakespeares Othello - Iagos Deception as Catalyst for Truth Essay

Iago: Deception as Catalyst for Truth    The audience will achieve a more complete understanding of Iago in The Tragedy of Othello if Iago is viewed as a complex character and not simply as a conventional "villain."   Iago's devious schemes destroy lives both literally and figuratively, but they may also serve to reveal the character of others in intricate ways.   A critical interpretation of Iago reveals that although he is principally a deceiver, he is also a dramatic agent of truth.   Even though his acts are malicious and deceitful, the title "honest Iago" is fitting in the sense that he reveals the true nature of his victims, as well as the propensity for human beings to act in accordance with their inherently dark natures.   While based in deception, Iago's machinations expose the truth of Brabantio's hidden racism, Cassio's inner vanity, and Othello's repressed sexual possessiveness. Iago cleverly emphasizes the issue of race and its association with devilry when he and Roderigo announce to Brabantio that Desdemona has eloped with Othello.   Iago is the first to emphasize the biracial nature of the marriage by referring to Othello as an "old black ram" and to Desdemona as a "white ewe" (1.1.85-86).1   Iago then associates Othello with the image of "the devil" (88) because he is black, warning Brabantio that he has "lost half [his] soul" (84) now that Desdemona is married to Othello.   It is Iago who initially suggests that Othello exemplifies the stereotype that a black person is inherently evil and likely to be a practitioner of witchcraft.   Granted, it is unlikely that Iago's few brief statements give birth to Brabantio as a racist; yet by plaguing Brabantio's thoughts with a dialogue that feeds his natural tendency tow... ...ility to perceive Iago completely is the natural human tendency to deny that which is abhorrent in our own natures, and to find scapegoats on which to place the blame for our darker sides.   As a conventional villain, Iago becomes an easy scapegoat; we place the responsibility for the moral failings of others on his ability to manipulate and deceive.   Yet as an agent of truth, Iago's most meaningful revelation is that we tend to deny the reality that, as human beings, we all possess the propensity to judge what is foreign to us in racist ways, to esteem ourselves too highly, or to be sexually motivated and possessive.   Indeed, Iago has the "last laugh" in being "honest Iago" as an agent of truth-for he manipulates not only the characters, but the audience as well. Note 1. All references to Othello are from the Signet Classic Edition (New York: Penguin, 1998).

Mineral Water Industry Proposal Environmental Sciences Essay

Water is considered as the most indispensable human demands. But due to the pollution, the H2O is contaminated earnestly and it is non safe to be consumed. Because of the environment ordinance and go oning depletion of the fresh H2O resources, focal point has been shifted towards the H2O direction in order to recycle, retrieve and recycle the waste H2O by utilizing the taking engineerings. If the intervention of the H2O does n't convey into serious history, we might be possible to be infected by diseases like diarrhoea, malnutrition, enteric roundworm infections, lymphatic filariasis and other H2O – borne diseases ( Pr & A ; uuml ; ss- & A ; Uuml ; st & A ; uuml ; n et al. , 2008 ) . One of the ways to pull off the H2O beginnings is that by utilizing it to fabricate and treat into bottled mineral H2O.The Importance of the industry to our societyThe bottled mineral is of import because it is really convenient. Tricia ( 2011 ) has claimed that by people would readily to hold sup ply of imbibing H2O to slake their thirst when H2O is non easy accessible. Bottled H2O is besides a healthier option in order to maintain us hydrated because the H2O is usually filtered and tested to guarantee that there is non harmful in it. Besides that, the mineral H2O is really light and eases for presenting procedure. Therefore, it can cut down the disbursals in transit. In add-on, the bottled H2O will be free from the stinky olfactory properties and chemical that can impact the gustatory sensation of the imbibing H2O and do it more gratifying to imbibe.The supply and demand of H2OIt is a affair of satisfaction that consciousness sing purified and hygienic H2O among multitudes is turning with the transition of clip and therefore doing the mineral H2O concern swell up to 15 per cent as compared to yester twelvemonth, forcing the quantum of demand up to around 1.1 billion litres per twelvemonth since contaminated H2O persistently coming out of governmental-run H2O grapevines. The refore, the planetary bottled H2O industry has become really profitable has grown exponentially over the past 10 to fifteen old ages. The most common supply for the mineral H2O is natural H2O which is derived from an approved belowground beginning, such as a protected good or spring that has been inspected, tested, and found to be safe and healthful with regard to H2O quality. Indeed, the mineral H2O consists of 75 % from natural resources and 25 % from the municipal H2O system. In United States, about 700 trade names of bottled H2O are sold. This broad choice reflects diverse consumer demand for safe and good-tasting imbibing H2O options. Furthermore, the immense multination presently make one million millions of dollars on H2O as they extract from the land, slap a label on and sell at competitory monetary values. For case: Aquafina ( Pepsi ) , Dasani ( Coke ) , Perrier ( Nestle ) , Evian, and Fiji Water among 100s of others. First and first, the factor impacting the addition of mineral H2O ingestion is the universe ‘s population will go on to turn in future decennaries. Other than that, it will be the in-migration of the people from the countryside to town. General life criterions are bettering, particularly in the two states with the largest populations: China and India. The universe ‘s current population of about 6.6 billion people will go on to swell over the coming decennaries. The UN predicts a planetary population of 9.2 billion people by the twelvemonth 2050. Demand for H2O will of class escalate strictly in response to this population growing. Experiences in recent decennaries even show that H2O ingestion has grown at a faster rate than the general population. This tendency is chiefly attributable to uninterrupted betterments in life criterions. In1950, for illustration, per capita one-year H2O ingestion averaged 580 M3. This figure had already risen to 625 M3s by the twelvemonth 2000 . Given the population roar in parts such as Asia particularly, this underlying tendency is improbable to be reversed for some clip. However, consumer demand for reviewing alternate drinks, every bit good as increasing public concern about wellness and fittingness and greater consumer instruction about the ingredients in nutrient and drinks, are advancing gross revenues of bottled H2O. Hence, the bottled H2O industry is indicated by the federal and ordinance which is to do certain that the quality of mineral H2O whether is safety to be drunk by public and by IBWA, the trade association stand foring the industry. A broad assortment of bottled Waterss are available to the consumer, and the bulk of these merchandises are acceptable options to imbibing H2O. The bottled H2O got the blessing for administering many authorities plans as the administering the smaller size of bottle is easier than administering the big bulk storage of H2O. The event is organized by the populace or schools besides admire to scatter the bottled H2O which is mineral H2O to people or pupil. Therefore, this will increase the demand of the bottle d mineral H2O as the big distribution to the consumer. Last but no rental, the demand of mineral H2O, supplied in plastic bottles, has been witnessed upward tendency in recent old ages as earlier urban in-between category of the society wanted to avoid water-borne diseases. But now the usage of bottle H2O has become position symbol in society and most of people particularly female normally carry fictile mineral H2O bottles with them while traveling to shopping or someplace else. The tendency of transporting mineral bottles is non merely healthy mark but besides it keeps end-consumers off from physicians. In the nutshell, the populations of planetary universe addition, the addition will the demand of clear H2O like bottled mineral H2O. Water is the most common substance found on Earth that covers over 70 per cent of whole planet and is the lone substance found of course in three signifiers: solid, liquid and gas. However, about 97 per cent of the Earth ‘s H2O is saltwater in oceans and seas. Merely three per cent is freshwater while merely one per cent is available for imbibing – the staying two per cent is frozen in polar ice caps in the form of glaciers. Hence, the supply and demand for the bottled mineral H2O industry is about sufficient and really perchance will derive a monolithic net income to the company of it is managed good.Procedure of fabricating mineral H2OSprings that are disposed above an aquifer secluded from contaminations like industries runoff or healthful drainage are where mineral H2O comes from. Thus the procedure of doing mineral H2O is vitally of im port. Spring H2O must be collected merely at the spring or through a au naturel hole tapping the belowground formation feeding the spring. After that the H2O will pump through pretreatment systems which include different type of filter which are Chlorination System, Raw Water Pump, Pressure Sand Filter ( PSF ) , Activated Carbon Filter, UV system with piping, valves and instruments. The system utilizes an ion exchange H2O softener and a assortment of filtration methods. The gilded systems incorporate activated C filters to take bad gustatory sensations and olfactory properties from the H2O. Natural H2O may incorporate populating micro-organisms and organics which are obnoxious to Change by reversal Osmosis ( R.O. ) Membrane. Not merely like that, H2O besides contain ferric which can be oxidized to ferric oxide which is settle down in storage armored combat vehicle. Therefore Chlorine Dosing System is designed for this intent. Sodium hypochlorite solution is dosed in Raw Water Storage Tank to respond with H2O to organize a hypochlorite acid which acts as disinfecting agent. The chlorinated natural H2O will so travel to Pressure Sand Filter via Raw Water Supply Pump. The natural H2O is foremost filtered by filtration unit to take suspended affairs and turbidness from natural H2O. Before feeding to the contrary osmosis system ( R.O. Plant ) , free Cl must be removed from the filtrated H2O. This is because chlorine being a strong oxidizing agent which will damage the R.O. Membranes in R.O. Plant. Thus Activated Carbon Filter is map to take Cl, olfactory property and colour while go throughing the H2O through C bed. ( Diagram 1 shows a system for chlorination, acts as Raw Water Pump, Pressure Sand Filter and Activated Carbon Filter. ) Diagram 1 After that spring H2O will pretreatment with rearward osmosis system ( R.O. Plant ) to cut down the sum dissolved solids from natural H2O beginning. The R.O. Plant use membrane-filtration methods to take many types of big molecules and ions from solutions by using force per unit area to the solution. The solute will stay on the pressurized side of the membrane and the pure dissolver is allowed to go through through the other side. ( Diagram 2 shows a R.O. Plant. ) Diagram 2 After passed through R.O. Plant system, the filtrated H2O will has really less TDS ( Total Dissolved Solids ) value which is non good in gustatory sensation. Thus a mineral adding system or blending system will used to heighten the gustatory sensations of the H2O. The scaremonger will blend the physical mineral into the commixture armored combat vehicle and dosing pump will dose the mineral to R.O. Product H2O before ozonation with TDS accountant. The blending system will set the TDS value by adding filtered H2O. ( Diagram 3 shows a Mineral adding system. ) Diagram 3 The mineral added H2O is so stored in Product Water Storage Tank. During storage, atmospheric or any other taint may take topographic point in treated H2O. Hence H2O will feed through the Micron Cartridge Filter. Micron Cartridge Filter will take attention for all right micrometer drosss. It will guarantee the high quality treated H2O before ozonation by taking peculiar affair and some portion of bacteriums and virus. After that the H2O will cysts down to 1 micrometer absolute. ( Diagram 4 shows a Micron Cartridge Filter. ) Diagram 4 After micrometer cartridge filter, H2O comes to the station intervention system which include Ultra Violet system ( U.V. System ) and ozonation. U.V. System will take the bacteriums and viruses one time once more as they may redevelop once more in H2O during drawn-out storage. Hence, the treated H2O is passed through U.V. System which consists of U.V. Tubes which radiates high strength Ultra Violet Rays to kill micro-organisms. Even passed through U.V. System, the bacteriums and viruses may redevelop in jammed bottles over a period of clip. Hence it ‘s necessary to disinfect merchandise H2O prior to bottling filling. The Ozone Generator will turned H2O into O rich H2O and take the bacteriological growing and supply the shelf life of the jammed bottles unless it ‘s unfastened for some period of clip. The ozonation of H2O besides added some gustatory sensation to the treated H2O. Ozonator will bring forth the ozone gas from free ambiance, dry air or force per unit area swing surface assimilation ( PSA ) O generator. Ozone gas will shoot with venturi system mounted on armored combat vehicle with re-circulation armored combat vehicle and pump. ( Diagram 5 shows a U.V. and Ozonation system. ) Diagram 5 Ozone Re-circulating Tank ( ORT ) is designed for required ppm ( parts per million ) Ozone gas mix up in finished merchandise, H2O. In ozone re-circulating armored combat vehicle, H2O re-circulating by required flow rate pump. Continuous re-circulation will supply the ozone concentration to the merchandise H2O before bottling. Overall system:Impact of fabricating mineral H2O on homo and environmentFirst, phthalates are chemicals known to interrupt the endocrines in our human organic structure particularly testosterone, which can take to an unnatural sexual development such as male sterility, premature chest development, malignant neoplastic disease and abortions. Meanwhile, this sort of chemical comes from the fictile H2O bottles by leaching into bottled H2O. Other than that, a random experiment was done during the twelvemonth of 1990 with a trade name of popular bottled H2O and turned up hints of benzine in the bottles where low dose of benzine to human is unaffected but high dose will convey paroxysms and decease. Bottled H2O is besides much more expensive than tap H2O but bottled H2O is frequently no healthier than tap H2O because from the consequences of some surveies had shown that about 25-45 per centum of bottled H2O sold in the United States really comes from municipal resources. Even U.S. FDA ordi nances allowed some taint of faecal stuff in bottled H2O and to boot there are no demands for H2O bottles to be tested for parasites or germicides. Worse is that bottled H2O company are non required to advise their clients if elevated degrees of contaminations are found. The production of H2O bottles is besides making C dioxide non small but is 2.5 million dozenss of it and released to the air and it is the chief key to greenhouse consequence gas that is responsible for planetary heating. Apart from that, we had used excessively many H2O bottles each twelvemonth, it was over-numbered, in U.S. each twelvemonth the sum of H2O bottles can encircle the Earth 150 times if they are set end-to-end but non even 25 per centum is recycled. Due to they are fictile bottles, therefore they decompose easy as the same for other plastics, while we all finished the H2O and the plastic bottles are thrown off, around 2.5 million of fictile H2O bottles an hr and each takes 500 million old ages to break up. Imagine the pollution that was caused by H2O bottles. In order to forestall all of these from go oning, the company should be more toward duty than profitableness and ne'er step out from the safety parametric quantities even though it is non officially secured by the quality applied scientists.

Time Means Money Essays

Time Means Money Essays Time Means Money Paper Time Means Money Paper Time is Money means Time = Money Don’t waste your money and don’t waste your time. Think it twice! Is it really true that time = money? What do you think? Some people who are very busy and have tight schedules would say that. They like to be rush because for them, Time is Money. Firstly, I think the same thing, time is money because time is as precious as money. However, time is more important than money because how hard we work, when we lose our time, you cannot get it back, how hard we try. The only thing that we can do is move on and appreciate every time we have. As I see my sons, grow everyday, I come to realize that they become bigger and bigger. Of course that’s what I want, but I start to miss their babies’ time when I see other babies. I cannot do anything, I only can try to remember how they were look like when they were babies, what did they do, etc. Though I have money, I can’t buy that memories. Time cannot be bought by money. As I see my sons grow everyday, I realize that I have spent lots of time and money. In order to raise my kids, I will need both, Time and money. Money, I can always raise it, the harder I work, the more money I will get. But, it is not the same with time. How hard I work, I cannot raise more time, because time will keep go on and go on. Spending time with my kids are very precious time and important! It cannot be replaced by anything. Money cannot buy my precious time that I spend with my kids. When I loose my money, I would say, â€Å"It’s ok, I always can get it again. How if I loose my time? I cannot make a come back. Therefore, I conclude that Time is not money but Time is more important than money. waste your money and youre only out of money, but waste your time and youve lost a part of your life.

Free Essays on The Wife Of His Youth

When you’re young you do things that can be considered foolish when you’re older. Mr. Ryder was a young slave and he married Liza Jane. When he was older he forgot all about her. What’s foolish about that is he didn’t go and look for her after she had been sold down the river. Instead, he started a new life with her not in it. I think Charles Chesnutt looks at Mr. Ryder as a man who should have looked for his wife after the war. The Blue Vein Society is a group of individuals that were mixed and considered more white than black because you could see their blue veins. In order to become a Blue Vein, one must have really light skin. Mr. Ryder was a man who used to be a slave and has chosen to forget his past and move on. He was sort of a leader of the Blue Veins and a well respected man. On top of all this, Mr. Ryder is throwing a ball and is planning on proposing to Molly Dixon, a woman that moved to Groveland and stole his heart. Up until now, he has forgotten all about his wife he married when he was young. I think Chesnutt’s attitude toward the Blue Vein Society was that racism existed among race. The Blue Veins wouldn’t let anybody without light skin or of low social status join their group. They thought of their selves as higher than the all blacks. When Mr. Ryder is faced with the situation with his wife and the Blue Veins, he asks them what they would do if they were in the shoes of the husband that Liza Jane was looking for. When all of them say that he should confront her, Mr. Ryder does just that. He introduces everyone to the woman he married when he was younger. I think Chesnutt made the story that way to show everyone how the Blue Veins should accept her because of her devotion of looking for her husband for the past twenty five years. Mr. Ryder, a slave in his past, moved to the north after the war and worked at a railroad company for many years. All through the years he never thought ... Free Essays on The Wife Of His Youth Free Essays on The Wife Of His Youth When you’re young you do things that can be considered foolish when you’re older. Mr. Ryder was a young slave and he married Liza Jane. When he was older he forgot all about her. What’s foolish about that is he didn’t go and look for her after she had been sold down the river. Instead, he started a new life with her not in it. I think Charles Chesnutt looks at Mr. Ryder as a man who should have looked for his wife after the war. The Blue Vein Society is a group of individuals that were mixed and considered more white than black because you could see their blue veins. In order to become a Blue Vein, one must have really light skin. Mr. Ryder was a man who used to be a slave and has chosen to forget his past and move on. He was sort of a leader of the Blue Veins and a well respected man. On top of all this, Mr. Ryder is throwing a ball and is planning on proposing to Molly Dixon, a woman that moved to Groveland and stole his heart. Up until now, he has forgotten all about his wife he married when he was young. I think Chesnutt’s attitude toward the Blue Vein Society was that racism existed among race. The Blue Veins wouldn’t let anybody without light skin or of low social status join their group. They thought of their selves as higher than the all blacks. When Mr. Ryder is faced with the situation with his wife and the Blue Veins, he asks them what they would do if they were in the shoes of the husband that Liza Jane was looking for. When all of them say that he should confront her, Mr. Ryder does just that. He introduces everyone to the woman he married when he was younger. I think Chesnutt made the story that way to show everyone how the Blue Veins should accept her because of her devotion of looking for her husband for the past twenty five years. Mr. Ryder, a slave in his past, moved to the north after the war and worked at a railroad company for many years. All through the years he never thought ...

People Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

People Development - Essay Example t and uninterrupted process that expands, communicates and facilitates the prospective path, core competencies and principles of an organization, and assists to construct a perspective of understanding. Performance management attempts to find out who or what provides valuable performance with regard to organizational strategy and goals, and guarantees that performance is effectively and efficiently accomplished. Thus, performance management is an integrated scheme that guarantees that the following are instigated and performed: (a) goal-setting of the organization, team and individuals; (b) performance evaluation system; (c) incentive policies and designs; (d) training and development policies and schemes; (e) communication, performance feedback and mentoring; (f) individual planning for career advancement; (g) systems for monitoring the value of performance management mechanism and processes (Tovey & Uren 2006). Even though the critiques of performance management do hold reliable proof as to the loopholes of the system, other experts assert that the constructive features of performance management considerably overshadow flawed features. Alternatively, an investigation of the constructive features as suggested by pioneers of performance management system is indispensable. The following are the claimed advantages of an efficiently monitored and executed performance management system: (a) enhanced employee job performance; (b) prospective employees for development are classified; (c) planning for potential human resource needs is expanded; (d) organizational goals are attained; (e) boosted morale; (f) superior customer satisfaction; (g) an unambiguous connection between performance and compensation is realized; (h) a competitive leverage is acquired; (i) enhanced quality of management (Armstrong 2000). The knack for managing and leading employees and encouraging them to perform at their best does not arise effortlessly, nor is it stagnant. A superior performance

Children's Literature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Children's Literature - Essay Example Artwork plays a bigger role in books targeting young readers who have raw minds and are enthralled by colorful depiction of different situations in a story. There have not always been separate storybooks for children rather many books told stories that continued to be enjoyed by children and adults alike. In such case the boundary line separating children books from adult books becomes difficult to identify. This essay will discuss on what grounds books for children and adults differ from each other, does any clear boundary line exist between books targeting these two entirely different groups of readers, and in which cases the group targeted by author and marketers becomes difficult to identify. Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone is a globally acclaimed children storybook written by J.K.Rowlings but it is widely suggested that the book was and is still enjoyed by staggering numbers of children and adults alike. Belonging to the fantasy genre, it is basically based on wi tchcraft but not in a condemned and bloodcurdling manner rather throughout the series story is told in a highly amusing and entertaining way. One element sufficiently suggestive of Harry Potter being a children series is that Rowlings frequently includes myriad events which cannot practically happen in our real lives like broomsticks smoothly flying in the air like mini jets and transparent ghosts floating in thin air casually conversing with random people. An ordinary cap capable of deciding fates of several eleven year olds during the opening ceremony and food trays automatically re-filling themselves are also incidents strongly suggestive of Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone being a children storybook not meant to be appropriate reading material for adults which is true to some extent given the heavy use of fantastical elements. But the larger picture suggests that this book authored by Rowlings could