Human Rights And Criminal Justice In United Kingdom - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1533 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Psychology Essay Type Cause and effect essay Did you like this example? Decrease the appeal of gambling to reduce problem gambling For young men aged 18-24 in the state of Victoria, Australia. In Australia, there are more than 1,100 gaming tables, 199,271 gaming machines (99,826 in NSW alone), very nearly 6,000 venues that give gaming machines, 4,756 lottery outlets and 4,652 TAB outlets (Australian Gaming Council, 2008/09). Betting venues are situated in rural territories of every single major citie and towns. Of unique note, venues have a tendency to be bunched in territories with lower financial status (Livingstone Woolley, 2007). Australians spend over $18 billion every annum on betting, or $1,500 every capita, with 60 every penny of this use being lost on electronic gaming machines (EGMs), basically situated in clubs and lodgings (Productivity Commission, 2009). This sum is extensively higher than in different wards, for example, New Zealand ($495 every capita), Canada ($393 every capita) and the United States ($325 every capita) (Delfabbro, 2010). Risk factors for problem gambling Issue betting rates change as indicated by the demographic attributes of people and additionally their favored mode Of the 15 every penny of Australians who bet consistently, around 10 every penny can be named issue card sharks and a further 15 every penny as confronting moderate danger. Efficiency Commission, 2009 DECEMBER 2010 13 betting (Profitability Commission, 2009). When in doubt, men are essentially more inclined to be issue players then ladies (proportion 60:40 in many overviews). More youthful individuals, matured 18-30 years, are generally twice as liable to be issue players as the individuals who are more seasoned. Vitally, issue players are more inclined to be the individuals who are socially distraught through having lower earnings or being unemployed. They are likewise, generally speaking, more prone to be single or isolated. Indigenous Australians are more prone to experience betting issues than no n-Indigenous individuals (Youthful et al., 2007). This more noteworthy weakness has been ascribed to an assortment of variables, including the constrained scope of option relaxation exercises for Indigenous individuals in some urban focuses, co-morbidities including more prominent substance misuse and mental issues, and the general appeal of betting to groups with lower salaries and less different chances to gain cash. A noteworthy danger component for issue betting is the kind of action to which individuals are uncovered. In spite of the fact that issue players commonly participate in a more extensive scope of betting exercises than different speculators, most measurable models demonstrate that consistent types of betting, for example, gaming machines, hustling or clubhouse table recreations, are destined to be distinguished as the reason for issues (Dowling et al., 2005). The vicinity of companions and relatives whose social lives spin around betting, and the extent to which betting is acknowledged as a true blue hobby by others in the group, additionally include dangers. For instance, the betting conduct of relatives, especially fathers, is an imperative danger component for the advancement of betting issues. A progression of studies particularly intended to research the intergenerational transmission of betting issues (Dowling et al., 2010) found that up to 10 every penny of people are brought up in families with an issue betting relative (folks or kin). The discoveries of this venture obviously recognized that people brought up in issue betting families are more inclined to create betting issues themselves than people brought up in non-issue betting families, even subsequent to controlling for a scope of applicable socio-demographic elements, relative psychopathology, and simultaneous family stressors. In particular, people with fathers with issue betting were 10.7 to 13.5 times more probable, and those with moms with issue betting were 6.7 to 10.6 times more probable, to show issue betting conduct than their associates . 1) TREATMENT TOPIC ONE: SETTING GOALS This first subject will request that you characterize your objective concerning betting. Your objective will help manage your endeavors all through the project. We will give layouts of 2 unique sorts of objectives, stopping betting totally or decreasing. We will likewise give you some direction as to which objective may be ideal for you 2) TREATMENT TOPIC TWO: STRENGTHENING YOUR COMMITMENT Numerous people who choose to change a propensity that is bringing on them issues do as such due to an emergency or a sudden torrential slide of issues. While this may be exceptionally spurring at to start with, this kind of inspiration some of the time does not keep going long. Therefore, what appeared like a smart thought at one time (that is, taking care of your betting) may now appear to be less critical or basic. To encourage keep this transpiring, this subject will cau se augment your inspiration to change your betting by helping you to look at the part betting has had in your life and its belongings, both great and terrible, in an exceptionally legit and open way. We likewise will investigate some of your imperative individual qualities and the way betting may have undermined them. 3) TREATMENT TOPIC THREE: TAKING ACTION In Treatment Topic Three, we will talk about some viable routes for you to rapidly roll out improvements in your betting conduct. We realize that you might as of now have done a lot all alone so this may be similar to a refresher for you. We will request that you consider how you invest your free energy, with whom you spend it, and your relationship to cash. You can, and presumably have officially begun to, settle on distinctive choices about how you carry on with your life and invest your accessible free energy and cash. The objective of this session is to fortify your endeavors at changing your way of life so that betting no more fits in. Regardless of the fact that you have officially quit betting, perusing this area will serve as a decent synopsis and survey. We will likewise talk about adapting to urges, enticements and yearnings, which most card sharks encounter in the wake of reducing or ceasing. Since we realize that desires and enticements can be a genuine obstruction to your betting objective, we will talk about methods for adapting to them. 4) TREATMENT TOPIC FOUR: TRACKING YOUR THOUGHTS We realize that numerous card sharks create solid convictions about their possibilities of winning, how to win, how to abstain from losing, etc. These convictions can be a difficult issue in the long haul since regardless they give the fantasy that you may have the capacity to inevitably succeed at betting. Despite the fact that you may curtail or stop completely, these betting considerations and convictions dont for the most part vanish all alone. They have to be examined and specifically treated. In this theme we will take a gander at particular convictions and disposition about betting and winning that may apply to you, how to recognize them, and what to do when they turn into a danger to your treatment objective. 5) TREATMENT TOPIC FIVE: HEALING RELATIONSHIPS In this session, we inspect the condition of your associations with the individuals you think about the most. As is valid with any propensity that has escaped from control, you are by all account not the only one who endures. Numerous others can likewise be hurt, concerned, or somehow influenced by betting. As a feature of your recuperation, it is imperative to make a move to enhance these connections however much as could be expected. We realize that this may take longer than should be possible in a short treatment program. Be that as it may, by recognizing it right now, and being prepared to take care of these connections prior as opposed to later, we want to enhance your accomplishment in controlling this prope nsity and enhancing your personal satisfaction. 6) TREATMENT TOPIC SIX: LOOKING TO THE FUTURE The center of the period until the 6th session will be to be vigilant for any snags or deterrents that you experience which impede adhering to your treatment objective or that are impeding dealing with your betting effectively. Point Six is an essential session on the grounds that it is a method for verifying what is and isnt working for you. While the material in every area may sound exceptionally sensible and supportive, in some cases applying it to your own circumstance may be troublesome. You may find that the betting propensity is more grounded than you suspected or you think that it difficult to keep to your objective. Whatever the trouble, this session will bail you make sense of how to get over these impediments. In the event that, nonetheless, everything is going extremely well, then you ought to compress what is working and how to fortify References Australian Gaming C ouncil (2008/09).A database on Australiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s gambling industries.Melbourne: Australian Gaming Council. Delfabbro, P.H. (2010).Exploring the myths around gambling. Paper presented at Gambling Awareness Week, Melbourne Town Hall, Melbourne. Dowling, N., Smith, D., Thomas, T. (2005). Electronic gaming machines: Are they the crack-cocaine of gambling?Addiction, 100,33-45. Dowling, N.A., Jackson, A.C., Thomas, S.A., Frydenberg, E.F. (2010).Children at risk of developing problem gambling. A report to Gambling Research Australia.Gambling Research Australia website search function Livingstone, C., Woolley, R. (2007). Risky business: A few provocations on the regulation of electronic gaming machines.International Gambling Studies, 7, 361-376. Productivity Commission (2009).Gambling. Productivity Commission Draft Report. Canberra: Productivity Commission. Young, M., Barnes, T., Stevens, M., Paterson, M., Morris, M. (2007). The changing landscape of indigen ous gambling in Northern Australia: Current knowledge and future directions.International Gambling Studies, 7, 327à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"344. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Human Rights And Criminal Justice In United Kingdom" essay for you Create order

Essay Psychological Causes of Depression - 702 Words

Psychological Causes of Depression The actual causes of depression are still unknown today but there are a few theories that could help explain them. It is widely believed by psychologists and scientists that all mental disorders are brought about by a complex correlation of psychological, biological, and social factors. A serious loss, chronic illness, relationship problem, work stress, family crisis, financial setback, or any unwelcome life change can ignite a depressive disorder (Psychologyinfo.com). Depression is a serious disorder in the United States and has only become more prevalent among individuals as their lives become more stressful and overwhelming. One theory for the cause of depression is the bio-psycho-social model of†¦show more content†¦An assortment of psychological factors appears to play a part in the susceptibility to these unrelenting types of depression. People who have low self-esteem, are not optimistic, and readily overwhelmed by stress, are prone to depression (Grohol, 2006). Mor e than likely, these psychological factors are completely accountable for other forms of mild and moderate depression, particularly reactive depression. Reactive depression is generally diagnosed as an adjustment disorder during treatment. Social learning factors also demonstrate why psychological complications appear to occur more regularly in family members, throughout generations. For example, if a child is raised in a pessimistic household, in which discouragement is frequent and encouragement is not, the child will establish a vulnerability to depression as well. (Psychologyinfo.com., et al). Recently, researchers have found that physical changes in the body can be paired with psychological changes as well. Medical ailments such as a cancer, Parkinson’s disease, stroke, heart attack, and hormonal disorders can bring about a depressive illness. This can result in the ill person to feel unconcerned with their health and be unwilling to further care for their physical needs. In addition, any stressful change, financial problems, relationship problems, or serious loss can activate a depressive affair (Grohol, 2006). Depression is a serious growing problem in the UnitedShow MoreRelatedEssay on Depression972 Words   |  4 Pages Depression. Depression is one of the most common psychological problems, affecting nearly everyone through either personal experience or through depression in a family member. The cost in human suffering cannot be estimated. Depression can interfere with normal functioning, and frequently causes problems with work, social and family adjustment. It causes pain and suffering not only to those who have a disorder, but also to those who care about them. 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Gay community Free Essays

string(100) " group publications in Europe and America in ass of which Terrine, Sammie, and Dost were prominent\." But the same has never been accepted in any society of the world even though there are traces of such reactive that goes on off the curtain including India. Sherry Joseph through his study made an attempt to understand the Indian Gay and Lesbian movement through the wider perspectives of identity politics. In an era of gay and lesbian normalization, the homosexual immigrants of Indian subcontinent demanded in Britain and America: An agenda within a racist climate different from the agenda imposed by white gays and lesbians. We will write a custom essay sample on Gay community or any similar topic only for you Order Now The impact of colonial history and concepts of orientation upon world- views and perceptions has played a central role in how non white people have been defined†¦ Silenced in both south Asian patriarchal societies and the white gay communities in America and Europe, the south Asian gays and lesbians have had to invent themes, often with new terms of identification (2228). The identification of one†s sexual behavior is again the product of the western ideology as the entire West rests on Christian values as their prime ideological moorings. In post colonial era scholars of the empire began to deliberate on a new terminology that can be conveniently used to identify people not preferring to be heterosexual. Thus came, the term alternate sexualities mainly as â€Å"an attempt to colonize the general notion and establish the existence of various expressions of sexualities surrounding scriptures, arts, life histories etc. â€Å"sheep: 2229). VOLVO. 1, ISSUE 5, JUNE 2014 www. Manipulability. Mom 41 Even with such terms the real scenario of gays and lesbians in India is that they continue to be a band of ostracizes group, socially excluded, and are subjected to homophobia. Attain is more concerned with the contemptuous view of the society upon the homosexuals what brought them down as a minority with a degradingly low social respect. He attempts to undo, if not legally approve, mainly homophobia, a ERM that refers to unreasonable fear of the gays or lesbians. A subjectivity of human beings is again centered with an appeal to all that they may in every way be treated as human being the way the third wave of feminism vouch for treating women not as a gendered identity, instead they should be looked at and thought of as human beings first . A change of attitude is the central focus. It†s a fact that the majority of people in any given society are heterosexual and the identity is based on the penetrate heterosexuality. Naturally, people with same sex behavior are not only a minority, but also practice of such is a taboo, inasmuch as the Judder- Christian values and beliefs held that non-procreative sexual acts were a sin against nature and consequently frowned upon in the culture. This value system shaped the legal binding on sodomy’s as a criminal offence as seen in the Indian Penal Code (EPIC) Joseph: 2228). The entire world is still in a suspended state as to its stand on validating gay marriages on moral grounds and value system. The values also has undergone change over the years especially, after the postmodern scenario of anti essentialist and anti foundational. Gay and lesbian movement all over the world as caught the attention of people in general into thinking on the issue seriously. President and Founder of the Christian Apologetics and Research Ministry, Matt Slick feels his concern to write on the subject as: Homosexuals want others in society to accept them as normal people with normal sexual behavior patterns. They are working hard to change moral, social, and political opinion to be more in line with what they want. They are not content to be by themselves. They want others to accept them as a philosophically, morally, and ideologically valid. They want to change the opinions of people. In short, they want to change society. Therefore, it is necessary to write about something that can so drastically affect the moral fabric of this country (Matt Slick. CARR). Attain also has felt the same concern for Indian homosexuals. Scriptural truth is a permanent reality, yet values keep changing over time with the multifarious development of the world in an ever changing world of ours. Further, Attain is Justified in his handling the controversial issues openly in drama as in the West the Journal like Human Events has Justified the cause that: If we are on the right side of one of the greatest social, oral and spiritual issues of our time, then we need to dig deep, hold our ground, strengthen our commitment and redouble our efforts, regardless of cost or consequence on an almost daily basis, the mainstream media assures us of two things: Just as many conservatives and VOLVO. ISSUE 6 42 traditionalists were on the wrong side of slavery, segregation and women†s rights, we are on the wrong side of the gay rights issue today†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ( Traditional Osteoarthritis Values) Indian gay and lesbian movement gained ground during ass onward and they have common goals of opting for same sex marital relationship or like a living- gather like any other heterosexuals. Both of the communities might be disapproved by the general Indian mass, yet they differ in terms of th e power relation they occupy or the space they could create for themselves. Certainly, gays have greater dominance since they belong to masculine gender and India is always a male dominant society. Indian lesbians in the ass were part of the feminist movement but later on the tie is snapped off for the same reason of societal disapproval and homophobia. The active lesbian group like Khakis† in Bombay was initially a part of he feminist movement group, but later on it stopped receiving any communication or cooperation from the later. So, rightly lesbianism deserved its legitimate place in Indian society given the age old injustice to Indian women. The present status of Indian gay and lesbian groups are rooted to the emergence of south Asian gay and lesbian group publications in Europe and America in ass of which Terrine, Sammie, and Dost were prominent. You read "Gay community" in category "Papers" Whereas, at present only three groups in three metro cities like Bombay, Madras and Delhi are functional with least number of lesbians or women activists in them. Naturally, the lesbian women stand doubly marginal’s, first by being women and then by being lesbians. Some of them may still be viewed as the marginal’s of the marginal’s who have been forced to be isolated -turned lesbians for being subjected to marital torture, dowry related oppression, sexual violence and so on. Thus, their sexual identification as lesbians is the result of their series of normalization and a shift of political consciousness. The gross normalization of the gay and lesbian community occurs from the dichotomy of home sexuality and heterosexuality. The policy of domination by the majority to minority, or by the powerful to the powerless has been as old as subjecting Eve to eat the forbidden fruit by Adam and thereby bring the hubris upon the earth. Such prominent dichotomies are black and White races in America, immigrants and natives in Europe and the US, male/female and so on. Even among women, there are black and white women in the US, upper and lower caste women in India, and other common distinctions are based on class, race community all over the the world. The third wave of feminism has some common causality with the gay-lesbian movement. Women are looked as stereotypical image as wife or as a shadow to a an. Singletons is not accepted as normal in India. Such situation forces women to go for a marriage of convenience as the case happens in the Do the Needful where Lata and Lapels accepts marriage to maintain the status quo and later on they use the liberty to pursue their own choices . The gay movement†s claim of getting fair and equitable treatment as citizens of India is quite tenable and in unison VOLVO. 1 with the article 38(1) of the directive principles of state policies of the constitution of India that states : â€Å"The State shall strive to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may a social order in which Justice, social, economic and political, shall inform all the institutions of the national life†( Directive Principles of State Policy) . Drama functions as an intellectual sap to the society mirroring the actual happenings on stage and this particular drama has shown the exact picture of the functioning of all gay people in India. It has helped creating more tolerance and space for them than it was before. Now it†s common that the gays and lesbians come together from across the country to show their solidarity and a sense f belongingness as a community by lending all possible supports for one another. Currently, India is on a path of new social and economic reformation of which class consciousness is replacing caste. Similarly, dominant social groups and structures based on tradition is giving way to differentiations which is again supported by its own discourse in a post modern setting that goes against any fundamental essentialist. On a Muggy Night in Iambi shows the intensity of gay love. The depth of experience is communicated through the stage setting in which the combination of the silhouette and the indoor present an outline of the condition of Indian gay people as a whole to the audience. One of the prominent techniques of Attain is to create the dramatic tension which highlights the depth and breadth of not only a character but also engages the readers ‘audience into their own attitudinal turmoil to the reality of human experience. Individual talent and dramatic techniques help spinning a mindset of people toward more acceptances through a slow process of evolution. It is slow because the impact reverberates into the minds of an audience and the same helps consolidate their rational approach to the vexed issue to be translated into acceptance. Attain†s themes are traditional Indian society and its design is to impact upon the gay, lesbian and on any one who is opposed to heterosexual as defined by society. The play is a realistic picture of society as to how does it affect an individual behavior when one is denied any self expression and hypocrisy is upheld for the sake of tradition. This leads to the visualization of the character against social expectations and the same question Shard in On a Muggy Night in Iambi is haunted by as the national anthem, not as the celebrated Jan Gang, Man†, but as what Makes A Man A Man† (Collected Play: 55). This question teems from his quest for existentialist and as important as the national anthem. Samples is engaged with a love of convenience or sham- love for Samples who only makes an attempt of love, but his heart is engaged somewhere else what evokes Shard†s laments: â€Å"l wasted a year of my life being a house wife for you and all I get is a kick in the ass! You beast (56)! Shard discovered that Samples was in love with Parka’s, but he too was a wounded lover, for Parka’s was more afraid of being banished by the society and hence, distanced himself. Shard loved Samples truly as he put on sinner†(vermilion) like traditional women ND wore bangles what he broke at a height of emotion, for what he found is now lost because of Parka’s. Shard helped him forget his lost-love with Parka’s but hardly could he do that as Parka’s kept cropping up to his mind painfully. Shard could not conceal his frustration of unrequited love with Samples to Deeply†s catalytic remarks that they must be back to terms of their love -relations: â€Å"If I had a lover, would I be such a bitchy? † Immediately, Deeply gets back to her natural sense of empathy for the female species saying that: Mimi can call yourself a dog, call yourself a pig, but never, ever insult a female† (59). Shard, while suggesting the guard to be shameless, accepts that the gay people are all shameless, but this comes as his deep protest against such societal taboo upon them. Deeply is more of a flat character as she does not undergo any complex changes of life and performs more like filler, yet she is dynamic in her response to a conflicting situation which is expressive of her internal dialogues, put forward as external dialogues and reactions at various points in the dramatic narrative. That†s the reason that she retorts to the example of a bitchy. She o becomes more revelatory in her plea for an acceptance for gay people. Hence, she as with Shard stands between the two categories of round and flat characters in its literary sense; or rather they are an admixture of these two and hence may be labeled as catalytic character, who help manifest the main or dynamic characters like Samples or Deed/Parka’s. She pleads for the gay men†s cause more than her own category of lesbians: â€Å"l am for gay men†s cause. Men deserve only men! (60). A distinct psychological mooring upon which one†s sexual behavior rests upon is set by the dominant discourse of any society. Attain sets a discourse through everyday language and out-on -the- street characters through distinct mode of sexism. For example, Deeply and Samples never feel any love for each other in a sense of love- making. It†s made clear when Deeply expresses that if Samples were a woman, they could be in a love and the same is reciprocated in opposite terms and finally Deeply asserts: â€Å"If we were heterosexuals, we would be married† (65). Deeply feels proud of being a woman: â€Å"Every time I menstruate, I thank God I am a woman†, the same word are suggested in a different way by Shard to register his contempt for all those who en any space for gay or lesbians: â€Å"Every time I menstruate, I thank God I am not pregnant† (66). Samples in the gathering of his gay and lesbian friends is obsessed with his lost love and separation with Parka’s and in turn he makes Shard†s life miserable. In other words, victim turns into victimizer. Parka’s, at the initial stage of the drama is a victim of social pressure what is made clear in the words of Samples himself: â€Å"He left me because he was ashamed of our relationship† (69). Samples was visiting a homophobic psychiatrist to get rid of his depression but the psychiatrist plunged him into a worse situation out of his own abomination of such gay people, for he believed only in aversion therapy which brought further depression to Samples as he VOLVO. 1 45 recalls: â€Å"Until he said I would never be happy as a gay man. It is impossible to change society, he said, but it may be possible for you to reorient yourself† (69). Arrant termed the doctor†s eccentric and homophobic view as primitive idea. In fact, the society is the great barrier what Attain†s dramatic technique and making of the characters unravel as an anti-venom against a venom of hatred for all these people who are trundling to be accepted as human beings and human dignity in the society. Bunny, the TV actor, too has experienced the same treatment of homophobia and non acceptance as gay. While all the gay friends assembled at Samples†s residence to sympathize with the tragedy of Samples, Sheehan music was pouring in. They show their antipathy by turning on CD player, for they are anguished as no such celebrations are solemnizes for them and hence, such rituals or music is, filthy hot air† (73) for them. Here, one contrast is shown: one marriage is going on with social gaiety amid colors and USIA down stairs and upstairs apartment is witnessing a break up of a gay marriage with the chanting of parallel mantra: â€Å"†¦ This city and God are witness to my vow , I break all ties with Parka’s†(73). Love for each other for these two friends is so strong that Samples could not tear up the Joint photograph with Parka’s symbolizing their conjugal relationship. From the episode of separation between these two friends begins the tragedy of Koran, a dear sister of Samples himself. She was introduced to Deed by Samples since four years. The gathering at Samples†s flat upstairs in Act l, is the hot bed of making ND breaking all gay relationship and the trauma they bear silently throughout their lives. Koran came to know for the first time in that gathering that her brother is being treated for depression. When she goes to the bedroom to unpack her belongings she is visible to the audience that she was placing a photograph on the side table indicating not only her knowledge of the relationship of her brother, but also as a powerful symbol of her ensuing tragic course of life. All the three Acts are three in one. Psychic turmoil of all the characters, their pleasure and pain, frustration and evolve against the society are balanced placing them in the silhouette and the front show of the stage setting. This Juxtaposition of interior and the exterior or the front and the back stage against each other is to create a deep impression on the audience† s mind as to the conflicts that goes in their consciousness, yet how they struggle to reconcile with the stern reality of society- a reality divorced from free expression and fair play. Samples the main character of the drama is brought in the Act II with brilliant dramatic technique in which he walks by Deed at the lonely park at round 8. 30 PM, yet not visible to the audience. He has throttled a few pegs to get rid of his depression and he divulges the fact of his coming to the park as to let someone know his story before he ends his life by committing suicide. Someone exactly listens to his story (history? ) who, in turn, is the exact cause of such wretched condition of life. Social paranoia is what troubled Deed as he was a little more reactive to people†s suspicion about his gay relationship with Parka’s that turned him into hyper vigilant against any social threat from any quarter. Samples struggles or visibility of such relationship against the blind sensibility of average people: â€Å"They can†t see us at all, although we can see them. They must be blind† (81). Then, Samples asks Deed to close his eyes, stand behind him and kiss gently to discover: â€Å"Can you see how beautiful we are† (82)? Through long pause and silence after this warmth of feeling of the two old lovers, fading light, slow music and then Samples†s appearance on front show of the stage to Join the gathering of his friends of Act I while the light reappears to create a sense of change of time and space, is a reliant technique of creating two distinct mental spaces into the minds of the audience: to recreate the subtlety of feelings of these two men off the glare of the everyday world in their minds and the dreary intercourse of the same world under the visibility of everyone in which hardly they could feel proud of and contented with what they are all about. Surreptitious orchestration of pause and silence, music, light are done to heighten their speed of the stream consciousness natural to all human beings. Social pressure is so enormous that Deed†s psychiatrist could convince him that is love is the work of a devil and through regular church going alone could absolve him of such devil. Samples also believes it and so he wants to avoid showing the photograph of their love making to his own sister, Koran, who is now going to be married with Deed. On the other hand Arrant, an European immigrant, is contrasted with his Indian counter parts of gay community. In Europe he has greater freedom of being honest to his sexual behavior but in India he might not expect the same degree of freedom: â€Å"There is such a thing as honesty. Or maybe it is the company you keep. Or maybe the company I am in† (88). Further Arrant is perturbed seeing closet homosexuals† in India and he regrets being an Indian on grounds of his vantage point of Western immigration. His statement to Bunny echoes the shifting subject of spirituality in Indian society: â€Å"l can†t seem to be both Indian and gay. But you are simply ashamed. All this sham is to cover up your shame (88). The hypocrisy of Indian society is again substantiated through Bunny†s character. He belongs to Sikh community, yet he avoids wearing a turban as he would be subjected to stereotypical role of being a Seaward . The characters are designed skillfully representing every type and category of India gay and lesbian people on stage in an effort to producing a gay ambiance within an hour or two to show what India is passing through presently. The real plight of this marginal’s community is made clear in exact terms through Deeply†s words that it is more fear of being ostracizes or a subject of homophobia than any stigma of shame attached to them. Basic human dignity is at stake for all these people in general. Being woman and lesbian is more pathetic in India when Deeply makes it pretty loud and clear: â€Å"It†s not shame, is it? With us? It†s fear†¦ Of the VOLVO. 1 47 corners we will be pushed into where we don†t want to be† (89). Attain†s effort has been to widen this corner of Indian society to make it at least as large as to accommodate these innocent Boniface citizens of a sovereign country, known for its age old tolerance and universal acceptance. Of course, India as a nation could be described in no better terms than the first address at the world parliament of religion at Chicago by Swami Vaccinated: â€Å"l am proud to belong to a nation which has sheltered the persecuted and the refugees of all religions and all nations of the earth† (Vaccinated: 3). Naturally, Attain has every reason as an artist to reinstate the glory of this great nation by upholding the cause of the marginal people toward greater tolerance and acceptance for all. Equally fluctuating is the condition of Shard†s mind after being broken from Samples. He too wants to force his way to be straight , to be a real man only to be accepted by the society, even though he knows deep down within himself that he is as gay as a goose† and seeks the advice of a psychiatrist only to invite a fresh misery in his life. Koran still thinks wishfully of a happy bond between her brother and Shard as she recalls her own life of solitude after divorce. She also warns about the gravity of misery a woman undergoes in this country Just because of male dominance. Shard†s decision to act like a straight might shatter a woman†s life: â€Å"And think of the poor woman. You may end up marrying Just as a cover up for your shame† (102). Bunny accepts that he is a gay man and keeps deceiving people through his constant denial and in the process all such gay people vacillates between the world of reality and the world of sham, finding no permanent anchor to embrace with fullness of heart. The last scene of Act Ill lays bare the absurdity of life of all the gay people on stage who are representative of entire gay community. Deed is the most pathetic character not only for Deeply, but also for every viewer or reader the way he has shattered the lives of Samples and Koran. He also could not remain immune to this wretched condition of life as a closure look and a psychological delving into his character reveals that he is more sinned against than sinning. His very purpose of marrying Koran was a matter of convenience so that he could continue his love for Samples without any suspicion from any one. Certainly, in the process he could save one life at the cost of the other and the other is a woman. Koran, while looking at the photograph of Deed and Samples kissing each other, cries out through the open window leading to the vacuous blue sky of Bombay. She must have felt the void of the sky more than anyone else who has not passed through the tormenting labyrinth of life like hers. She is that subaltern woman, conditioned to tolerate torture and untold suffering. She remembers her past life as to how she used to be beaten up by her husband ND still she continued to accept and digest all these as she believed and felt that he loved her: â€Å"l felt he loved me enough to want to hurt me† (107). She questions Deed†s motive of marrying her and the answer comes out as her dramatic monologue that all such gay people behave in a stereotypical manner VOLVO. 1 as â€Å"we Just don†t know what else to be† (107) ! The imagery of the photograph with Deed as the best couple on the floor that appears in her mind matches with the vacuous blue sky to condense the absurdity of her life. The explosion of fireworks, colored sights and loud screams of delight from the ground floor heightens the inner turmoil of a saddest thought, perhaps churning an existential dilemma in her mind. Deed in utter shame and disgust for life is completely broken down: â€Å"Where do I begin? How do I begin to live† (111)? All the characters on stage are suddenly plunged into existential dilemma in the world of uncertainty and absurdity of life. The height of the dilemma in the last scene is accentuated by more firecrackers and lusty yells from the wedding below. Lights are slowly fading to beckon the void while the pictures of Deed and Samples and Koran ND Samples are slowly evanescent from the minds of the audience before it is completely engulfed into darkness. The stage setting and delineation of the pathos of the characters, here, Just reminds one the most exact definition of short story by Arbitration Étagà ¨re: Simple events of life happy or sad, Some sad strings from the train of forgetfulness, Not fraught with heavy descriptions, Not crowded with events, No advice, no philosophy Only the feeling that the story is not yet over Although there is no more to read! (Bangladesh) Conclusion: The queer characters representing both the gays and lesbians of urban diddle class India undergo a tortuous Journey of visualization due to homophobia and social boycott of such people. Attain has been true to his calling as a dramatist to show their painful odyssey of modern India, yet how the issue escapes the thinking mass to be considered for an acceptance and a right place in the society. It†s rightly an odyssey as the victims at times turn into victimizers; thereby bringing upon them a series of miseries, little knowing what exactly ails them. The dramatist has won the heart of every one by bringing this cause of ailment, the whole truth of it, on stage with all sincerity of purpose. How to cite Gay community, Papers

Bribery And Corruption

Question: Bribery and corruption in the public sector is endemic and unavidable in all societies? Answer: Introduction Bribery has always been considered as one of the oldest concept having a long past. Since recent times, it has highly been becoming an intense problem all across the globe. In reference with the concept of bribery, more often, there might be involvement of certain current governments or scandals of corruption in politics in the past. However, as there has been development and advancement in international trade, bribery has entered the parameters of international business as well (Basu, 2011). In addition to this, the concept of corruption seems to be involved in the private sector as well. In the private sector, corruption is known to be taking a number of different forms and bribery is one of these forms. Corruption results in distorting markets and have negative effect on the entire society. This essay will be discussing the issue of corruption and bribery within the public sector as being unavoidable and endemic in each and every society. Factors Initiating Bribery and Corruption There is a list of four forms of the corruption. The number one form is grease payments and bribery. Bribery is the one form of payments sought by the officials of public or in another way offered by the agents of private company in recovery for favours acting as the contract of the government. Payment of grease is the money given to the agents of public for do work that the agents of public are earlier paid for doing this, acting as publish a license (Basu, 2011). In the second form there is grand and petty corruption. Corruption of petty is the concussion of an agent of public with a public member for corrupt the system over small transactions that are related to each other. It accordingly in many cases involves the public agent of lower level. Corruption of grand is the sabotage of the system by the agents of government at senior level, heads of state and ministers. Bureaucratic corruption is the third form of the corruption. This the misconduct of responsibility by the agents for public to circumvent or bend regulations and rules in dealing for some benefits (Abbink, 2006). In occurs mainly in the areas where there are rewards of consideration and discretion of punishment under the control of an agent. Last but not the least is the corruption in the political departments. This is the dealings of authority and influence by the leaders of political party and may increase to the favours of granting, no regularities in the financing of campaign and fraud of electoral. There are five cImpact of Demandonditions that facilitate the corruption and they are listed below: Political factors Conditions of politics that encourage corruption include weal civil liberties, in a particular form the level of freedom of press, the strength of every citizens to design the organizations of civil society, and the level of competition of political structure. Accountability and lack of transparency also include by them on the part of agents of government especially where the state have been captured by the ruling elite (Abbink, 2004). Bureaucratic factors Bureaucratic factors include the extension of the bureaucracy of the state with increase of attendant in the powers of discretionary for the bureaucrats. Bureaucracy growth allows select every individuals to earn direct approach to resources of state and to enjoy the privileges of consideration associated with the office of administrative. Legal factors The quality of a legal system of country, in a particular form the circumstance of being punished and caught meaningfully, resolve the corruption level (Abbink, 2012). This is turn related to the presence of effective laws of anti-corruption, an independent judiciary and an effective police. Economic factors Economic development level affect the sectors and forms where corruption is very common. Corruption of petty is mainly common in countries that are developing while in the countries that are developed, when the incomes goes higher it means that the corruption influence to be of a large scale (Abbink, 2006). Transnational factors Even with achieving independence, most of the countries in development suffer from new colonialism of the corruption so they deal with corruption of systemic introduced during their occupation or colonization (Apesteguia, 2007). Many of the big companies have thus given bribes to win business in the countries of third world. Impact of Demand-Side and Supply-Side Corruption Journalists, academics, businessmen, and politicians have been displaying an unusual unanimity when these contribute in condemning corruption as the probability of the most particular obstacles to the continuous growth in the economy across the globe. In the current era of globalization, the organizations of business along with their representative on frequent basis have been encountering the acts of corruption and can be considered as the simple participants, victims or perpetrators in these acts or actions (Barr, 2009). While there has been existence of international corruption in a number of different forms for a number of years, many international organizations, nations, organizations and individuals have currently been making attempts for the reduction or elimination of corrupt activities as these have harmful impact over the quality of life being maintained by the citizens and the economies at local level. A number of these types of efforts have resulted in being guided towards the supply- side of corrupt acts that is, the one making the payments of corruption. A transaction of corruption, in the typical sense involves the side of supply, that is the one paying the bribe, and the side of demand, that is the one receiving the bribe. Recent efforts of anti- corruption contribute in primarily addressing the side of supply (Basu, 2011). However, there is huge concern towards a particular focus being created on the side of supply regarding the international corruption cannot be considered as being effective in detecting and preventing the network and links of corruption. EffectivenessIn deterring bribery and corruption Irrespective of the stringent policies of the corporate world, managers have been showing temptation for doing whatever they consider important for closing a specific deal and then finding a way across in order to get caught. For a number of corporations, corruption and bribery are ranked amongst the highest significant risks and it has been found that there has been an increase in the prominence of these risks as well (Brenner, 2009). Even though in the virtual sense, not even a single business is free from risks related with bribery and other payments that are corrupt, the risk is specifically high and significant for the multinational organization and those in certain industries such as extraction of resource, retail and construction. In majority of the cases of bribery, it has been found that there are more chances of small payments being made by ordinary people to the officials, such as an amount being provided to the policemen for expunging an infraction at minor level. While the condoning of these activities is difficult, these particular practices have been identified as basic element of economy in a number of different regions or areas (Buccirossi, 2006). From the perspective of corporate worlds, there are less chances of representing a significant level of concern or risk. Looking for solution and dealing with the issue of the economy is not an easy task. Paying and receiving bribes, along with other diff erent types of facilitation benefits and fees, are a well- development element of business culture as well as the culture of government in a number of different parts across the globe. And irrespective of increasing the rules, legislations, and their enforcement, the extent to which payments of corruption and bribery have not been declining. In majority of the organizations across different nations and economies, this problem has been seen to be increasing with the passage of time, rather than being reduced. Irrespective of implementing the highly stringent policies of corporate bodies, being tempted towards this activity is important for the closure of a specific deal and hence, finding a way across to get caught is always there (Gorodnichenko, 2007). In the most preferable manner, the risks that arise out of payments of corruption and bribery are not dealt with solely and in isolation but as a significant element of a complete process for identifying, monitoring and managing the number of different risks in the faces of corporation. Conclusion The concept of corruption seems to be involved in the private sector as well. In the private sector, corruption is known to be taking a number of different forms and bribery is one of these forms. Corruption results in distorting markets and have negative effect on the entire society. While there has been existence of international corruption in a number of different forms for a number of years, many international organizations, nations, organizations and individuals have currently been making attempts for the reduction or elimination of corrupt activities as these have harmful impact over the quality of life being maintained by the citizens and the economies at local level (Lambsdorff, 2007). From the perspective of corporate worlds, there are less chances of representing a significant level of concern or risk. Bribery is the one form of payments sought by the officials of public or in another way offered by the agents of the private company. References Abbink, K. (2004). Staff rotation as an anti-corruption policy: an experimental study. European Journal of Political Economy, 20(4), pp. 887906. Abbink, K. (2012). Letting the Briber Go Free: An Experiment on Mitigating Harassment Bribes, Working Paper. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2166221. Abbink, K., (2006). Neutral versus loaded instructions in a bribery experiment. Experimental Economics, 9(2), pp. 103121. Apesteguia, J. (2007). Blowing the Whistle. Economic Theory, 31(1), pp. 143166. Barr, A. (2009). The effects of externalities and framing on bribery in a petty corruption experiment. Experimental Economics, 12(4), pp. 488503. Basu, K. (2011). Why, for a Class of Bribes, the Act of Giving a Bribe should be Treated as Legal, Ministry of Finance, Government of India. Brenner, S. (2009). An empirical study of the European corporate leniency program. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 27(6), pp. 639645. Buccirossi, P. (2006). Leniency policies and illegal transactions. Journal of Public Economics, 90(67), pp. 12811297. Gorodnichenko, Y. (2007). Public sector pay and corruption: Measuring bribery from micro data. Journal of Public Economics, 91(56), pp. 963991. Lambsdorff, J. G. (2007). Fighting Corruption with Asymmetric Penalties and Leniency, (No. 59). CEGE Discussion Paper.

The Concept of Normality In Relation To Eating Disorders

Normality is a concept that can be understood in different perspectives. Sociologically speaking, normality can be differentiated from the norm which refers to the acceptable behaviors in a society. Normality refers to the adherence to the acceptable standards set by a society. Normality is closely guarded by the social constructions of a particular society in the sense that what is considered normal is determined by the forces of the society.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Concept of Normality In Relation To Eating Disorders specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This means that what is normal in one society may not be necessarily normal in another (Smolak, Levine Striegel-Moore, 1996). Therefore, issues of eating disorders can be understood from a social cultural perspective as the culture of a specific society determines its eating patterns, thus, influencing the possibility of either the existence or oth erwise of an eating disorders. This paper examines how the understanding of the concept of normality in the society affects conditions of the existence or otherwise of an eating disorder. The whole concept of eating disorders can be explained through the sociological understanding of the concept of normality. Among the dominant sociological understanding of normality that will be used to argue through the concept of eating disorders in this paper are the views such as; what is considered normal can be differentiated from the abnormal even if it may not be the norm, what is normal is a social construct that is imposed by the society, people struggle to fit to the ideals that are set by the society which may affect their eating patterns and lastly, how social change has contributed to the existence of eating disorders. Normality can be defined differently by different people since different things are normal in some communities and abnormal in others. However, different aspects of nor mal behavior can be used to indicate normality (Weiten 2010). However, this view is still directly regulated by the cultural belief of the society. The agents of socialization can be used to express the concept of normality in a number of ways. People grow in a structured society that determines what is normal against what is abnormal. The set standard influences the behavior of a person in all cultural facets as they determine what will be adopted against what will be transgressed. Eating patterns being a culturally controlled concept’s and directly affected by the cultures that exists in a specific society. According to Treasure, Schmidt and Furth, (2005), human beings evaluate their standards in the society based on specific societal standards. This means that a specific society has what it considers ideal as well as what it considers abnormal. These social standards run across a spectrum of measurements that affect all facets of culture. In such cases, there is what is co nsidered normal eating patterns. A good example of how societal ideals can influence the eating disorders can be the explanation of the importance that is placed on the concept of body size. According to Taylor and Muller, (1995), all members of the society should strive to ensure that they conform to the â€Å"normal† standards of their society.Advertising Looking for assessment on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Despite the fact that bodies have genetic differences that determines their shape and size, the need to strive to conform to the ideal body size forces many members of the society, especially women to adopt to specific eating habits that may characterize certain disorders (Sheridan, 2007). Another issue that is of paramount importance in understanding the concept of normality in regard to eating disorders is that normality or abnormality is a social construct (Morgan Bhugra, 2010). There are no universal standard to define what is normal or abnormal. Each culture has its own conceptualization of normality and abnormality, which makes something to be normal in one culture and abnormal in another. Similarly, the conceptualization of eating disorders varies from one society to the other as there are no strict universal disorders that run across the spectrum of societies. It is also evident that there are disorders that are associated with specific cultural basis due to the regionalization of specific food to specific regions (Wonderlich, Walsh and Mitchell, 2011). Normality as a social construct can be used to explain some eating disorders, especially those associated with teenagers. As noted by Hales, Yudofsky and Gabbard, (2008), teenage girls have a misconceived concept of ideal body shape and size where being extremely thin regardless of the means towards this course is seen as fashionable and ideal. The notion held by these teenage girls has forced most of them to del iberately avoid eating or to induce vomiting (Bloomfield, 2006). This behavior has led many teenage girls to adopt risky health paths in pursuit of what they conceive to be normal. Beside the identified issue that deals with teenage girls, the other group that is greatly affected by the societal constructs is that of the entire female gender where women may be classified as overweight while their male counterparts may pass without acquiring the label of being overweight, even when they are overweight in the real sense. Thus, more women will strive to conform to the society’s ideal size, a fact that has contributed to various forms of eating disorders. This shows that the concept of what is seen as normal or abnormal towards eating disorders does not necessarily need to be actually healthy, but a construct of the society (Harper-Giuffre and MacKenzie, 1992). Media as an agent of socialization has a lot of influence to the menace of eating disorders. As noted by Sheridan, (2007 ), the media plays a significant role in determining what the ideal body size is especially for women. These ideas that are transferred to the masses through commercials and other programs in the media influences the perception of people towards certain body sizes where contemporary cultures have viewed the slim bodies as the ideal ones.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on The Concept of Normality In Relation To Eating Disorders specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, when this issue is juxtaposed with the commercials of food known to have high fat content such as fast food products and ice creams, the perception of healthy eating among the members of a population get distorted which forces majority of the people to indulge in unhealthy eating habits as they are â€Å"normalized† by the media. Social change is another aspect that affects or understanding of normality. In most contemporary societies, co nsumption of fast food is considered normal today than it was considered five decades ago (Gentile, 2006). The changing social forces such as the rise of the consumerism culture have led to the rise of the number of people who consume fast foods as well as other readymade meals offered in fast food restaurant. Although many people may have the notion of how unhealthy the fast foods may be to their health, they continue consuming them as the consumption of these products is seen as â€Å"normal† in the society. This means that the society understands that eating fast food is a normal issue, a fact that contributes to the current eating disorders. In conclusion, it is evident that the sociological understanding of the concept of normality can be used to explain various eating disorders. The paper has managed to explain the views of eating disorders in three perspectives, which are the perception of what is normal versus what is abnormal, normality as a construct of the society and finally, personal understanding of normality and eating disorders and how this personal understanding affects people’s conceptualization of their conditions. Reference List Bloomfield, S. 2006. Eating Disorders: Helping Your Child Recover. Oklahoma. Beat Publishers. Gentile, K. 2006. Creating bodies: eating disorders as self-destructive survival New York: RoutledgeAdvertising Looking for assessment on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hales, R, E. Yudofsky S, C. Gabbard, G, O. 2008. The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of psychiatry. New York: American Psychiatric Publications Harper-Giuffre, H. MacKenzie, K., R. 1992. Group psychotherapy for eating disorders Carlifornia: American Psychiatric Pubbications Morgan, C. and Bhugra, D. 2010. Principles of Social Psychiatry. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Sheridan, K., E. 2007. Eating disorders as a case study of cultural maladaptation. California: American Psychiatric Publications. Shils M. and Shike, M. 2006. Modern nutrition in health and disease. Chicago: Lippincott Williams Wilkins Smolak, L., P., Levine, M. and Striegel-Moore, R. 1996. The developmental psychopathology of eating disorders: implications for research, prevention, and treatment. New York: Routledge, Taylor, J., and Muller, D., J.1995. Nursing adolescents: research and psychological perspectives. London. Wiley-Blackwell. Treasure, J., Schmidt, U. and Furth, E. 2005. The essential handbook o f eating disorders New York: John Wiley and Sons. Weiten, W. 2010. Psychology: Themes and Variations. Upper Saddle River: Cengage Learning. Wonderlich, S. A., Walsh, T. and Mitchell, J. E. 2011. Developing an Evidence-Based Classification of Eating Disorders: Scientific Findings for DSM-5. California: American Psychiatric Publications. This assessment on The Concept of Normality In Relation To Eating Disorders was written and submitted by user Derr1ck to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Fianlly Answered

My prayers have been answered, My dreams have come true, to actually realize that I am loving you. All my pain, and hurt is all of the past, forgiven, without any apologies. You should know my love is too strong, my love is too great, not something to be wasted, to be given up and taken for granted any given day. I am hooked on a feeling, something I need to confess, I hope you listen, it is for the best. I need to ask you, and I need to know, am I crazy for loving you, and wanting you so close? knowing that there is nothing to hide. From you I keep no secrets. I don’t just want anyone to hold, not just anyone to give my love to, I want you because you are beautiful to me, my love. I need you to be by my side to tell me the truth about what is deep inside. I would do that for you, I just hope there is a part of that in you too. I think of you, I dream of you at night, I pray, I allow myself to say I am alive, thank you. You are what I needed, the strength, the strength I get from you loving me. The thing you do to me. I want you to know I love your presence, your spirit around me. But, yet with your absence I view your picture in my mind and it’s difficult, I need to say when I miss you. Through being separated in our path of life, it makes me love you even more and also know it makes our love stronger to be faced with anything to come. You might need to take time to understand, but I already know that I am grateful for you. All I ask is to let me love you, to be in your heart as long fate allows, as long as God permits. I grow weaker to know you are mine and my heart has fallen faster to have found someone like you. Someone so special, finally received. Anything to be with you. Yes, my prayers have been answered, my dreams have come true, and how do I know? Well because I LOVE YOU!!!... Free Essays on Fianlly Answered Free Essays on Fianlly Answered My prayers have been answered, My dreams have come true, to actually realize that I am loving you. All my pain, and hurt is all of the past, forgiven, without any apologies. You should know my love is too strong, my love is too great, not something to be wasted, to be given up and taken for granted any given day. I am hooked on a feeling, something I need to confess, I hope you listen, it is for the best. I need to ask you, and I need to know, am I crazy for loving you, and wanting you so close? knowing that there is nothing to hide. From you I keep no secrets. I don’t just want anyone to hold, not just anyone to give my love to, I want you because you are beautiful to me, my love. I need you to be by my side to tell me the truth about what is deep inside. I would do that for you, I just hope there is a part of that in you too. I think of you, I dream of you at night, I pray, I allow myself to say I am alive, thank you. You are what I needed, the strength, the strength I get from you loving me. The thing you do to me. I want you to know I love your presence, your spirit around me. But, yet with your absence I view your picture in my mind and it’s difficult, I need to say when I miss you. Through being separated in our path of life, it makes me love you even more and also know it makes our love stronger to be faced with anything to come. You might need to take time to understand, but I already know that I am grateful for you. All I ask is to let me love you, to be in your heart as long fate allows, as long as God permits. I grow weaker to know you are mine and my heart has fallen faster to have found someone like you. Someone so special, finally received. Anything to be with you. Yes, my prayers have been answered, my dreams have come true, and how do I know? Well because I LOVE YOU!!!...

Women and men as single parents Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Women and men as single parents - Essay Example In any case, for the healthy nurturing of a child, the care and love of both the father and the mother is necessary for a child. It is impossible for the mother to extend the fatherly care to the child and vice versa. This paper briefly compares and contrasts the duties of women and men as single parents. The child relies his father for security and mother for love and care mostly. The child may feel secured only in the company of the father because of the superior mental and physical power of the father. It is difficult for a mother to cultivate the same feeling of security in the mind of a child as a father did. Same way it is difficult for a father to extend the motherly love and care to a child. Mothers are soft people in most of the cases and the soft and in depth love and care extended by the mother cannot be replicated by a father. Mother’s love and the security provided by the father are essential for the positive development of a child. In many of the families, father works for the family and the mother looks after the children and hence the family matters go smoothly and the children get good living conditions and the emotional support at the same time. But in single parenthood, the child may not get the proper emotional support as his only parent should do everything needed to sustain the family. â€Å"Single parenting will require you to be a sympathetic mother plus a strict and providing father at the same time. It is no wonder that being a single parent can be very stressful. It can be a very difficult task which will generally result in giving mum or dad a terrible headache each day† (Single Parenting Advice). In most of the families the father is the police force who administers discipline in the family. In the case of a single parent (mother) family, the woman needs to manage the disciplinary matters and the caring matters at the same time. It is difficult for a woman to pretend

Ar.iclo p824 Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ar.iclo p824 - Article Example Despite the fact that and washing is an important component of oral health education, a vast majority of people forget to wash their hands, probably because they take the repercussions of their negligence for granted. Owing to the sensitive nature of the female gender, credible research shows that females are highly likely to wash their hands as compared to their male counterparts. Although dental workers have the professional and personal responsibility of washing their hands, they ought to encourage every other person to wash their hands, at least by invoking the thought of contracting an illness (Kelsch, 2013). Oral healthcare section is a critical department within any healthcare center. In this regard, maximum hygiene is crucial in this section, especially considering the fact that clinics have some instruments that are predisposed to germs. Under ordinary circumstances, people touch such medical instruments either intentionally or unknowingly. Nonetheless, the biggest risk lies in people’s forgetfulness and wrongful assumptions. Most people assume either that the objects that they touch are sterile or they simply forget that hand washing is a key component of dental hygiene. Owing to the high rate at which oral infections spread, it is critical for people to be more aware of the existence of germs and hence wash their hands frequently and appropriately (Kelsch, 2013). Due to the anaerobic nature of some bacteria, it is not advisable to take disinfection as the last resort and not consider it as an effective way of eradicating bacteria. In most cases, these bacteria will stay on surfaces even after disinfecting the object. Objects such as bib clips are a good example of perfect hideouts for oral bacteria, and anaerobic bacteria that reside in oral cavity (Kelsch, 2013). Besides, Kelsch (2013) adds that some anaerobic bacteria that are isolated from the skin and those residing in the

7.Use extended examples to compare and contrast the characteristics of Essay

7.Use extended examples to compare and contrast the characteristics of a growing and a mature product market. Discuss how different product market phases affect a companys cost recovery - Essay Example Page 74. 2002). Every economic entity or product market has its own typical variables. As Jack Welch sums it up, â€Å"Every job you take is a gamble that could increase your options or shut them down.†(2005. Page 264). On this â€Å"drive to maturity† (Rostow.2008.Page 9), the various stages of development are characterized by different features, both qualitative as well as quantitative. When the market is growing, or emerging as the jargon puts it, there is hectic industrial activity, growth rates aim higher, profit margins are low and investment multipliers are in great demand, since there is an increasing need for plough back. There is a high appetite for investment, impacting the rates of interest. Labour costs are low, non renewable natural resources are abundant, and economic activity mainly uses natural resources. Often, a growing market is characterized by a higher degree of inflation than a mature market. The growing market manifests high potential for volume growth since it addresses first time users to a great extent. There is high appetite for products, and entrepreneurs and marketers use the opportunity for test marketing, new product launches, preference- indifference surveys and market research to arrive at optimum product offerings. There is potential to grow both horizontally and vertically- which means that expansion of user base through market penetration and per capita volume growth, both are possible in a growing market. Population grows at a faster rate than in mature markets. Market penetration and development of upcountry markets requires ongoing infrastructural development, which again, is an essential feature of an emerging or growing market. Environmental concerns start to raise their ugly head, but are put on the backburner mostly. It would be interesting to discuss the car industry category while

Social networking sites in the work place

Social networking sites in the work place Benefits and problems of social networking sites in the work place â€Å"In the early 1990s, websites were used to share information with other people, though many people felt that this was not personal enough, since it lacked the sense of togetherness. This led to the development of social networking and social networking sites in the early 2000s. This concept was embraced and readily accepted by many people who felt the need for a more personalized way of communicating through the web†. (Sharpened.com, November 2009) Between 2007 and 2009, the craze about social networking and especially social networking sites has grown rapidly and is continuing to grow at a very rapid rate. Accodring to Owyang, social networking sites like Facebook has a high growth rate with more than 60million active users, an average of 250,000 new registrations every day since January 2007 and with an average 3% weekly growth rate since January 2007.(2008)Smith(2008) also states that the number of people using social networking sites has grown by 12% in the last six months from June 2008. The most popular social networking sites include the likes of Facebook and HI5, which according to Smith(2008), together have 59million users(see figure 1); they can also include internal social sites for people working in the same enterprise. Social networking sites are popular because anyone who has access to the internet can join any social networking site seeing as they are free and easy to join. This makes people spend most of their t ime on these social networking sites chatting with friends or just updating their information. This craze has also affected those in the workplace and they find themselves spending a lot of company time on these social sites (some of which are also internal social networking sites) and forget to work. The amount of time employees spend using social networking applications is a major reason why many enterprises do not like their employees using the social networking applications during office hours. I believe that social networking and social networking sites do have their advantages that can be of great benefit to an enterprise; but they can also cause problems for an enterprise. In this paper, I am going to discuss the benefits/advantages and problems/disadvantages of social networking and find out if it is worth having social networking and social networking sites in the work place. Keywords: social networking, social networking sites, social networking applications, Social networking can be broadly defined as a social structure made of people who may or may not have a common interest. WhatisSocialnetworking.com(2009) agrees with this definition by defining social networking as the grouping of individuals into specific groups,although social networking is possible in person, especially in the workplace, universities and high school, it is most popular online. I can define a social networking site as an internet site where people go to communicate and keep in touch with their friends and family. But according to Boyd and Ellison(2007), the terms social networking and social network should not be used interchangeably seeing as they do not mean the same. They(Boyd and Ellison,2007) decided to use the term â€Å"social network† which they define as, â€Å"[a] web-based service that allows individuals to (1) construct a public or semi-public profile within a bound system, (2) articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and (3) view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system. Social networking has many benefits to both individuals and enterprises. However many enterprises today are still sceptical about whether or not to permit their employees access to social networking sites and their applications; and if they do grant access, they worry about the implications of allowing them to access these sites and applications, in terms of time spent on these social networking sites and using the applications. However, such enterprises should understand that there are benefits to using social networking sites and applications in the workplace that not only benefit the employees but also the enterprise as a whole. Some of the benefits have been discussed below. Benefits of social networking in the workplace There are various benefits of social networking in the workplace and these include: firstly, social networking and social networking sites can be used to enhance the enterprises image. If an enterprise has access to social networks, this can improve its image. According to Kelleher(2009), building [a] strong social network can help a business to improve its reputationand that social networks can boost the image of an enterprise as thought leaders in the field and customers start to acknowledge the enterprise as reliable and excellent source of information/products that meet their[customers] requirements. Also a social network can help an enterprise expand its market research. Social networking sites can be used by an enterprise to increase its customer base. This is true because an enterprise can advertise its products/services to the users of these sites; the enterprise can also use these social networking sites to get new users for its products/services seeing as through the social sites, the enterprise can do a survey of those people who know/use their product/service and then target those who do not know about their Kelleher(2009) agrees with this for he says that using a social networking site like facebook can help a small business target a large audience without having to do much advertising. In addition, social networking sites can be used as a low-cost marketing tool. An enterprise can use social networking sites to advertise itself and its products and services. This is because in most social networking sites, advertising of products/services is done for free and hence the enterprise saves the expenses it would have used on advertising. By having an internal social network an enterprise can keep records of the employees more easily. According to DiMicco et al(2008), a social network can be a new source of information for the enterprise, and new possibilities for understanding the workforce. This can enable the managers at the enterprise to better understand its workforce. Furthermore, social networking sites can help an enterprise to increase its customer base. An enterprise can mine its employees friends on social networking sites and target them as new customers for its products/services. Laudon and Laudon(2007) agree by saying that social networking can be used to expand the number of an enterprises business and social networks/contacts and also to link people through mutual business thereby enabling them to mine their friends for sales leads.This is an effective way for an enterprise to increase its customer base because it may be easier to convince people who have a mutual relationship with your employees to use your product/service than it is to convince people who have no relationship with the enterprise at all. Lastly, social networking can enable the enterprise to reach its target market/customers. an enterprise can use social networking sites to find out who their target customers are. According to Ladoun and Laudon(2007), an enterprise can do this seeing as users of social networking sites reveal a lot of information about themselves when signing up and using these sites and this information can be used to create advertisements that will appeal to their desired target customers/audience. An enterprise can further use social networking sites to have a closer relationship with its customers. An enterprise can form its own group in a social network where all its present and potential customers can join and gain access to the offers and deals that the enterprise has to offer for members of its group only. Kelleher (2009) agrees with this in that he says that social networks provide an opportunity for businesses to reach out and target groups of customers; he also agrees that businesses can encourage customers to join their network of friends in the social networking site in order to access special discounts given only to those customers who are online contacts to the business. Problems of social networking in the workplace The major problem most enterprises have with allowing their employees access to social networking sites is employees spending too much time on the social networking sites thus affecting their(the employees) productivity. Keller (2009) agrees with this as he also says that organizations do not like having social networking in the workplace since most employees spend most of their time on these sites updating their profiles instead of doing their work. Laudon and Laudon(2007) also share the same view as they say, â€Å"members of social networking sites spend hours surfing pages, checking out other members and exchanging messages† To support his argument, Keller uses the example that if every employee in an enterprise comprising of 50 employees spent 30 minutes a day on a social networking site per day, the enterprise would lose 6,500hours of productivity in a year! This is a great amount of time that could have been used to do company work and be productive. Social networking can also lead to tension in the workplace. This is in terms of the relationships in the office. This is because some employees will feel that their colleagues are spending too much time on social networking sites while they are working to cover the workload for those who are on the social networking sites. This causes tension especially if those employees who spend a lot of time on the social networking sites are known by the other Another problem can be that of wastage of companys resources. This is in terms of bandwidth. Most of the social networking site have some content that takes up a lot of bandwidth and if employees access these contents, they use up all the bandwidth making it impossible for other internet users to access the internet. This can also make the enterprise incur more costs because it will have to use more money to create more bandwidth that an support both the social networks content and those of the enterprise(Kelleher, 2009). The third problem of social networking in the workplace, according to Kelleher (2009), is the threat of viruses and malware: â€Å"Hackers are attracted to social networking sites because they see the potential to commit fraud and launch spam and malware attacks. There are more than 50,000 applications available for FacebookSome have the potential to be used to infect computers with malicious code, which in turn can be used to collect data from that users site. Messaging on social networking sites is also a concern, and the Koobface worm is just one example of how messages are used to spread malicious code and worms.† A further problem may be that of social engineering. Social engineering has been defined by*** as Reputation and legal liability Employees may post information that may damage the companys image To prohibit or not to prohibit There is no one solution to the problem of employees abusing their access to social networking sites. Some enterprises have tried using technology and internal controls to control the amount of time employees spend on these sites and the content that they can access. Though this seems to fail seeing as employees are devious people and will always get other ways of accessing these social networking sites wither by bypassing the security measures put by the enterprise or by accessing the sites from elsewhere. This causes a dilemma for the management of enterprises because they know that the world is moving towards social networking as the new mode of communication with customers and the outside world and they also know the benefits their business will accrue due to the use of social networking sites; and they also know the implications they have when they (managers) allow employees free access to these sites. So what options does the enterprise have in its reach? According to Kelleher (2009), an enterprise has three options it can use when dealing with the issue of social networking in the workplace. That is: ban access to social networking sites, set limits and restrictions to use, and allow unmonitored access. i) The first option an enterprise has is total ban on access of social networking sites. This simply means that the enterprise does not allow employees to access any social networking sites from the workplace computers. This option is mainly used by organizations that want to keep the status quo. However most enterprises do not seem to opt for this option because they see it as a sign of no trust in the employees causing them to rebel against the enterprise and be less productive. ii) The next option is setting limits and restrictions for use. This simple means allowing employees access to some of the applications available on the social networking sites. Some enterprises may even go to the extent of only allowing certain employees access to the social networking sites for a limited amount of time. This strategy may not be total useful for an enterprise in that if some employees are granted access to the social networking sites while others are not, it may bring about hatred and jealousy in the workplace making the work environment tense and unfriendly. iii) Allowing unmonitored access. This is when the enterprise allows its employees to access social networking sites at any time and for whatever duration of time. This is the worst strategy of the three in that the employees will now be even more unproductive seeing that they have access to these sites without anybody monitoring what they are doing. This can also turn to be detrimental to the enterprise in that it has no control over the content the employees are posting and passing through the sites since the enterprise does not monitor what the employees are sending. Of the three options, the best would be to setting limits and restrictions for use. However, whichever option an enterprise chooses to use, it must ensure that the enterprises vital and critical information is protected from viruses and malware and from hackers. This can be achieved by having updates anti-viruses, a firewall to monitor and restrict access to certain internet applications, and social networking sites.(Kelleher, 2009) Conclusion Social networking is a concept that is quickly gaining acceptance from everyone in all walks of life from students to CEOs and senior managers of big enterprises. They see social networking as a quick, cheap and effective way to keep in touch and communicate with their friends and family; and customers and employees, in the case of CEOs and senior managers. Social networking sites are both beneficial and risky to an enterprise. The major thing that perturbs most enterprises of today about allowing employees access to social networking sites is that they have no control over the information being passed by the employees. Most social networking sites ask for so much information when one is joining and at times, this information can be used against the individual and may eventually be used against the enterprise. Kelleher(2009) suggests some tips for an enterprise should follow when allowing access to social networking sites; these are:- i) Restrict access. An enterprise can achieve this by controlling the amount of time employees spend on the social sites. One enterprise may allow employees to access these sites during their breaks or before/after office hours. While another may allow its employees to access only certain social sites and only certain applications in those sites that do not take up the enterprises bandwidth. ii) Educate and train employees. Employees should be educated on the implications their activities on the social sites may have on the enterprise because most employees do not know that their actions on social sites can have a great impact on the enterprise. Employees should also be trained on how to recognise suspicious links that may be connected to viruses and malware that could damage the machines and the enterprise network, and that they should not just click nay link they find on social sites. They should also be made conscious of the information they give on these sites and how this information can be used against them and the enterprise. iii) Set security and usage policies. June 2008 December 2008 Total unique total unique visitors(000) visitors(0000 1H08 growth Total internet: total audience 860,511 815,797 5.5% 44.716 Social Networking: Total audience 580,510 516,318 12.4% 64,102 Facebook 132,105 97,792 35.1% 34,313 Myspace 117,582 107,167 9.7% 10,415 hi5 56,367 31,428 79.4% 24,939 Friendstar 37,080 29,735 24.7% 7,345 Orkut 34,028 25,138 35.4% 8,891 Bebo 24,017 21,282 12.9% 2,736 Other 179,330 203,776 -12% -24,447 Sorce: comScore.Inc cited in Smith(2008) Geography: Worldwide References Social Networking, accessed from http://www.sharpened.net/glossary/definition.php?socialnetworking, accessed on 4th November 2009 What is social networking?, accessed from http://www.whatissocialnetworking.com/ accessed on 23rd November 2009 Boyd D. M., and Ellison N.B., Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship, Michigan State University, (2007), accessed from http://consommacteurs.blogs.com/files/socialnetworksites_boyd-ellision_2007.pdf , accessed on 23rd November 2009 DiMicco J., Millen D. R., Geyer W., Dugan C., Brownholtz B. and Muller M., Motivations for Social Networking at work, CSCW, (2008), accessed from http://delivery.acm.org/10.1145/1470000/1460674/p711-dimicco.pdf?key1=1460674key2=0634998521coll=GUIDEdl=GUIDECFID=64533696CFTOKEN=15961752 , accessed on 23rd November 2009 Kelleher D., 5 Problems with social networking in the workplace, Information Management Special Reports, October 2009, accessed from http://www.information-management.com/specialreports/2009_165/social_networking_media-10016208-1.html , accessed on 7th November 2009 Laudon K.C. and Laudon J.P., Management Information Systems: Managing the Digital Firm, 10th Edition, Upper Saddle River, N.J. : Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007. ISBN: 0-13-120681-8 Owyang J., Social Network Stats: Facebook, MySpace, Reunion (Jan, 2008), Weekly Digest of the Social Networking Space, (January 2008), accessed from http://www.web-strategist.com/blog/2008/01/09/social-network-stats-facebook-myspace-reunion-jan-2008/ ,accesed on 3rd December 2009 Sinrod E. J., Can social networking co-exist with the workplace?, December 2007, accessed from http://news.cnet.com/Can-social-networking-co-exist-with-the-workplace/2010-1030_3-6223458.html , accessed on 7th November 2009 Smith J., Intriguing trends in Social Networking Growth during 1H 2008, (July, 2008), accessed from http://www.insidefacebook.com/2008/07/27/intriguing-trends-in-social-networking-growth-during-1h-2008/ , accessed on 3rd December 2009

Shakespeares Othello - Iagos Deception as Catalyst for Truth Essay

Iago: Deception as Catalyst for Truth    The audience will achieve a more complete understanding of Iago in The Tragedy of Othello if Iago is viewed as a complex character and not simply as a conventional "villain."   Iago's devious schemes destroy lives both literally and figuratively, but they may also serve to reveal the character of others in intricate ways.   A critical interpretation of Iago reveals that although he is principally a deceiver, he is also a dramatic agent of truth.   Even though his acts are malicious and deceitful, the title "honest Iago" is fitting in the sense that he reveals the true nature of his victims, as well as the propensity for human beings to act in accordance with their inherently dark natures.   While based in deception, Iago's machinations expose the truth of Brabantio's hidden racism, Cassio's inner vanity, and Othello's repressed sexual possessiveness. Iago cleverly emphasizes the issue of race and its association with devilry when he and Roderigo announce to Brabantio that Desdemona has eloped with Othello.   Iago is the first to emphasize the biracial nature of the marriage by referring to Othello as an "old black ram" and to Desdemona as a "white ewe" (1.1.85-86).1   Iago then associates Othello with the image of "the devil" (88) because he is black, warning Brabantio that he has "lost half [his] soul" (84) now that Desdemona is married to Othello.   It is Iago who initially suggests that Othello exemplifies the stereotype that a black person is inherently evil and likely to be a practitioner of witchcraft.   Granted, it is unlikely that Iago's few brief statements give birth to Brabantio as a racist; yet by plaguing Brabantio's thoughts with a dialogue that feeds his natural tendency tow... ...ility to perceive Iago completely is the natural human tendency to deny that which is abhorrent in our own natures, and to find scapegoats on which to place the blame for our darker sides.   As a conventional villain, Iago becomes an easy scapegoat; we place the responsibility for the moral failings of others on his ability to manipulate and deceive.   Yet as an agent of truth, Iago's most meaningful revelation is that we tend to deny the reality that, as human beings, we all possess the propensity to judge what is foreign to us in racist ways, to esteem ourselves too highly, or to be sexually motivated and possessive.   Indeed, Iago has the "last laugh" in being "honest Iago" as an agent of truth-for he manipulates not only the characters, but the audience as well. Note 1. All references to Othello are from the Signet Classic Edition (New York: Penguin, 1998).

Mineral Water Industry Proposal Environmental Sciences Essay

Water is considered as the most indispensable human demands. But due to the pollution, the H2O is contaminated earnestly and it is non safe to be consumed. Because of the environment ordinance and go oning depletion of the fresh H2O resources, focal point has been shifted towards the H2O direction in order to recycle, retrieve and recycle the waste H2O by utilizing the taking engineerings. If the intervention of the H2O does n't convey into serious history, we might be possible to be infected by diseases like diarrhoea, malnutrition, enteric roundworm infections, lymphatic filariasis and other H2O – borne diseases ( Pr & A ; uuml ; ss- & A ; Uuml ; st & A ; uuml ; n et al. , 2008 ) . One of the ways to pull off the H2O beginnings is that by utilizing it to fabricate and treat into bottled mineral H2O.The Importance of the industry to our societyThe bottled mineral is of import because it is really convenient. Tricia ( 2011 ) has claimed that by people would readily to hold sup ply of imbibing H2O to slake their thirst when H2O is non easy accessible. Bottled H2O is besides a healthier option in order to maintain us hydrated because the H2O is usually filtered and tested to guarantee that there is non harmful in it. Besides that, the mineral H2O is really light and eases for presenting procedure. Therefore, it can cut down the disbursals in transit. In add-on, the bottled H2O will be free from the stinky olfactory properties and chemical that can impact the gustatory sensation of the imbibing H2O and do it more gratifying to imbibe.The supply and demand of H2OIt is a affair of satisfaction that consciousness sing purified and hygienic H2O among multitudes is turning with the transition of clip and therefore doing the mineral H2O concern swell up to 15 per cent as compared to yester twelvemonth, forcing the quantum of demand up to around 1.1 billion litres per twelvemonth since contaminated H2O persistently coming out of governmental-run H2O grapevines. The refore, the planetary bottled H2O industry has become really profitable has grown exponentially over the past 10 to fifteen old ages. The most common supply for the mineral H2O is natural H2O which is derived from an approved belowground beginning, such as a protected good or spring that has been inspected, tested, and found to be safe and healthful with regard to H2O quality. Indeed, the mineral H2O consists of 75 % from natural resources and 25 % from the municipal H2O system. In United States, about 700 trade names of bottled H2O are sold. This broad choice reflects diverse consumer demand for safe and good-tasting imbibing H2O options. Furthermore, the immense multination presently make one million millions of dollars on H2O as they extract from the land, slap a label on and sell at competitory monetary values. For case: Aquafina ( Pepsi ) , Dasani ( Coke ) , Perrier ( Nestle ) , Evian, and Fiji Water among 100s of others. First and first, the factor impacting the addition of mineral H2O ingestion is the universe ‘s population will go on to turn in future decennaries. Other than that, it will be the in-migration of the people from the countryside to town. General life criterions are bettering, particularly in the two states with the largest populations: China and India. The universe ‘s current population of about 6.6 billion people will go on to swell over the coming decennaries. The UN predicts a planetary population of 9.2 billion people by the twelvemonth 2050. Demand for H2O will of class escalate strictly in response to this population growing. Experiences in recent decennaries even show that H2O ingestion has grown at a faster rate than the general population. This tendency is chiefly attributable to uninterrupted betterments in life criterions. In1950, for illustration, per capita one-year H2O ingestion averaged 580 M3. This figure had already risen to 625 M3s by the twelvemonth 2000 . Given the population roar in parts such as Asia particularly, this underlying tendency is improbable to be reversed for some clip. However, consumer demand for reviewing alternate drinks, every bit good as increasing public concern about wellness and fittingness and greater consumer instruction about the ingredients in nutrient and drinks, are advancing gross revenues of bottled H2O. Hence, the bottled H2O industry is indicated by the federal and ordinance which is to do certain that the quality of mineral H2O whether is safety to be drunk by public and by IBWA, the trade association stand foring the industry. A broad assortment of bottled Waterss are available to the consumer, and the bulk of these merchandises are acceptable options to imbibing H2O. The bottled H2O got the blessing for administering many authorities plans as the administering the smaller size of bottle is easier than administering the big bulk storage of H2O. The event is organized by the populace or schools besides admire to scatter the bottled H2O which is mineral H2O to people or pupil. Therefore, this will increase the demand of the bottle d mineral H2O as the big distribution to the consumer. Last but no rental, the demand of mineral H2O, supplied in plastic bottles, has been witnessed upward tendency in recent old ages as earlier urban in-between category of the society wanted to avoid water-borne diseases. But now the usage of bottle H2O has become position symbol in society and most of people particularly female normally carry fictile mineral H2O bottles with them while traveling to shopping or someplace else. The tendency of transporting mineral bottles is non merely healthy mark but besides it keeps end-consumers off from physicians. In the nutshell, the populations of planetary universe addition, the addition will the demand of clear H2O like bottled mineral H2O. Water is the most common substance found on Earth that covers over 70 per cent of whole planet and is the lone substance found of course in three signifiers: solid, liquid and gas. However, about 97 per cent of the Earth ‘s H2O is saltwater in oceans and seas. Merely three per cent is freshwater while merely one per cent is available for imbibing – the staying two per cent is frozen in polar ice caps in the form of glaciers. Hence, the supply and demand for the bottled mineral H2O industry is about sufficient and really perchance will derive a monolithic net income to the company of it is managed good.Procedure of fabricating mineral H2OSprings that are disposed above an aquifer secluded from contaminations like industries runoff or healthful drainage are where mineral H2O comes from. Thus the procedure of doing mineral H2O is vitally of im port. Spring H2O must be collected merely at the spring or through a au naturel hole tapping the belowground formation feeding the spring. After that the H2O will pump through pretreatment systems which include different type of filter which are Chlorination System, Raw Water Pump, Pressure Sand Filter ( PSF ) , Activated Carbon Filter, UV system with piping, valves and instruments. The system utilizes an ion exchange H2O softener and a assortment of filtration methods. The gilded systems incorporate activated C filters to take bad gustatory sensations and olfactory properties from the H2O. Natural H2O may incorporate populating micro-organisms and organics which are obnoxious to Change by reversal Osmosis ( R.O. ) Membrane. Not merely like that, H2O besides contain ferric which can be oxidized to ferric oxide which is settle down in storage armored combat vehicle. Therefore Chlorine Dosing System is designed for this intent. Sodium hypochlorite solution is dosed in Raw Water Storage Tank to respond with H2O to organize a hypochlorite acid which acts as disinfecting agent. The chlorinated natural H2O will so travel to Pressure Sand Filter via Raw Water Supply Pump. The natural H2O is foremost filtered by filtration unit to take suspended affairs and turbidness from natural H2O. Before feeding to the contrary osmosis system ( R.O. Plant ) , free Cl must be removed from the filtrated H2O. This is because chlorine being a strong oxidizing agent which will damage the R.O. Membranes in R.O. Plant. Thus Activated Carbon Filter is map to take Cl, olfactory property and colour while go throughing the H2O through C bed. ( Diagram 1 shows a system for chlorination, acts as Raw Water Pump, Pressure Sand Filter and Activated Carbon Filter. ) Diagram 1 After that spring H2O will pretreatment with rearward osmosis system ( R.O. Plant ) to cut down the sum dissolved solids from natural H2O beginning. The R.O. Plant use membrane-filtration methods to take many types of big molecules and ions from solutions by using force per unit area to the solution. The solute will stay on the pressurized side of the membrane and the pure dissolver is allowed to go through through the other side. ( Diagram 2 shows a R.O. Plant. ) Diagram 2 After passed through R.O. Plant system, the filtrated H2O will has really less TDS ( Total Dissolved Solids ) value which is non good in gustatory sensation. Thus a mineral adding system or blending system will used to heighten the gustatory sensations of the H2O. The scaremonger will blend the physical mineral into the commixture armored combat vehicle and dosing pump will dose the mineral to R.O. Product H2O before ozonation with TDS accountant. The blending system will set the TDS value by adding filtered H2O. ( Diagram 3 shows a Mineral adding system. ) Diagram 3 The mineral added H2O is so stored in Product Water Storage Tank. During storage, atmospheric or any other taint may take topographic point in treated H2O. Hence H2O will feed through the Micron Cartridge Filter. Micron Cartridge Filter will take attention for all right micrometer drosss. It will guarantee the high quality treated H2O before ozonation by taking peculiar affair and some portion of bacteriums and virus. After that the H2O will cysts down to 1 micrometer absolute. ( Diagram 4 shows a Micron Cartridge Filter. ) Diagram 4 After micrometer cartridge filter, H2O comes to the station intervention system which include Ultra Violet system ( U.V. System ) and ozonation. U.V. System will take the bacteriums and viruses one time once more as they may redevelop once more in H2O during drawn-out storage. Hence, the treated H2O is passed through U.V. System which consists of U.V. Tubes which radiates high strength Ultra Violet Rays to kill micro-organisms. Even passed through U.V. System, the bacteriums and viruses may redevelop in jammed bottles over a period of clip. Hence it ‘s necessary to disinfect merchandise H2O prior to bottling filling. The Ozone Generator will turned H2O into O rich H2O and take the bacteriological growing and supply the shelf life of the jammed bottles unless it ‘s unfastened for some period of clip. The ozonation of H2O besides added some gustatory sensation to the treated H2O. Ozonator will bring forth the ozone gas from free ambiance, dry air or force per unit area swing surface assimilation ( PSA ) O generator. Ozone gas will shoot with venturi system mounted on armored combat vehicle with re-circulation armored combat vehicle and pump. ( Diagram 5 shows a U.V. and Ozonation system. ) Diagram 5 Ozone Re-circulating Tank ( ORT ) is designed for required ppm ( parts per million ) Ozone gas mix up in finished merchandise, H2O. In ozone re-circulating armored combat vehicle, H2O re-circulating by required flow rate pump. Continuous re-circulation will supply the ozone concentration to the merchandise H2O before bottling. Overall system:Impact of fabricating mineral H2O on homo and environmentFirst, phthalates are chemicals known to interrupt the endocrines in our human organic structure particularly testosterone, which can take to an unnatural sexual development such as male sterility, premature chest development, malignant neoplastic disease and abortions. Meanwhile, this sort of chemical comes from the fictile H2O bottles by leaching into bottled H2O. Other than that, a random experiment was done during the twelvemonth of 1990 with a trade name of popular bottled H2O and turned up hints of benzine in the bottles where low dose of benzine to human is unaffected but high dose will convey paroxysms and decease. Bottled H2O is besides much more expensive than tap H2O but bottled H2O is frequently no healthier than tap H2O because from the consequences of some surveies had shown that about 25-45 per centum of bottled H2O sold in the United States really comes from municipal resources. Even U.S. FDA ordi nances allowed some taint of faecal stuff in bottled H2O and to boot there are no demands for H2O bottles to be tested for parasites or germicides. Worse is that bottled H2O company are non required to advise their clients if elevated degrees of contaminations are found. The production of H2O bottles is besides making C dioxide non small but is 2.5 million dozenss of it and released to the air and it is the chief key to greenhouse consequence gas that is responsible for planetary heating. Apart from that, we had used excessively many H2O bottles each twelvemonth, it was over-numbered, in U.S. each twelvemonth the sum of H2O bottles can encircle the Earth 150 times if they are set end-to-end but non even 25 per centum is recycled. Due to they are fictile bottles, therefore they decompose easy as the same for other plastics, while we all finished the H2O and the plastic bottles are thrown off, around 2.5 million of fictile H2O bottles an hr and each takes 500 million old ages to break up. Imagine the pollution that was caused by H2O bottles. In order to forestall all of these from go oning, the company should be more toward duty than profitableness and ne'er step out from the safety parametric quantities even though it is non officially secured by the quality applied scientists.